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Computerized Decision Support for Medical Imaging

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Computerized Decision Support for Medical Imaging Authors: C. Shyu, C.Brodley, A. Kak, A. Kosaka, A. Aisen, L. Broderick – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Computerized Decision Support for Medical Imaging


1
Computerized Decision Support for Medical Imaging
  • Authors C. Shyu, C.Brodley, A. Kak, A. Kosaka,
    A. Aisen, L. Broderick
  • Journal Computer Vision and Image Understanding
    , Vol. 75, 1999

2
Computerized decision support systems
  • Active knowledge systems which use two or more
    items of patient data to generate case-specific
    advice.
  • knowledge systems
  • Knowledge source from which the advice is picked
    images, algorithms for manipulating the images,
    medical data, derived probabilities and symbolic
    representation of medical facts
  • A mechanism by which a user may quickly derive
    relevant information from the knowledge source

3
Computerized decision support systems
  • General criteria four successful decision support
    systems
  • Need for a decision aid
  • Ex when the interpretation requires specialist
    expertise, when many images are generated or
    interpretation is specially difficult because of
    noise or because the image is visually
    complicated
  • Practicality
  • the constraints of the medical domain and the
    clinical setting should be taken into account

4
Computerized decision support systems
  • General criteria four successful decision support
    systems (cont.)
  • Veracity
  • The knowledge source on which the decision
    support is based must be accurate and complete
  • Relevance
  • The system provides the user with information
    which improves his/her decision making.

5
Computer aids for diagnostic radiology
  • Image databases
  • Decision support systems based on numerical
    methods
  • Use of Bayes rule to combine, for example,
    information about the frequency of a disease and
    the frequency with which signs are associated
    with that disease
  • Expert Systems
  • they are based on a set of rules which represent
    the knowledge used by clinicians in making
    decisions. The rules are used together with
    information provided by the user to generate
    inferences.

6
Architecture of a medical imaging expert system
7
Applications of the Imaging Expert Systems
  • Automatic generation of anatomical and functional
    atlases
  • CBIR
  • The Imaging expert systems should improve the
    diagnostic accuracy by providing a second
    opinion they should provide objective measures
    or normal and abnormal patterns and dray the
    attention of radiologists

8
Computer Vision in Medicine
  • Automatic detection of clustered
    micro-calcifications on mammograms
  • Computerized detection of pulmonary nodules
  • Computerized analysis of heart size
  • Characterization of interstitial disease on chest
    radiographs
  • Automatic tracking of vessels on angiographic
    images

9
Computer Vision in Medicine
  • Low-level features were extracted for the
    different applications, but they were limited to
    a certain disease, or organ or pathology
  • Therefore, the low-level feature extractors
    should be combined and included in future imaging
    expert systems.
  • Multiplying the inputs increases the quantity of
    information the expert system can use to support
    diagnosis hypothesis.
  • Spatial relationships between features

10
Future trends in Medical Imaging
  • A new framework for a natural and systematic way
    of gathering knowledge from domain experts.
  • Integration of the IES into the PACS systems.
  • Some preliminary results for digital mammography.
  • New standards to measure the accuracy of the IES
  • Subjective assessment of radiologists is often
    the only reference available

11
Future trends in Medical Imaging
  • Future applications from pure diagnostic purpose
    to therapeutic management
  • Taking into account the reaction of the patient
    to a certain therapy will provide information
    for supporting or refining the diagnostic
    hypothesis.
  • T-HELPER
  • Medical training
  • Quick medical reference ---electronic textbook of
    medicine
  • INTERNIST-1

12
Computerized decision support in diagnostic
radiology
  • What is an expert system?
  • A computer system that is programmed to imitate
    the problem-solving procedures that a human
    expert makes. For example, in a medical system
    the user might enter data like the patient's
    symptoms, lab reports, etc., and derive from the
    computer a possible diagnosis. The success of an
    expert system depends on the quality of the data
    provided to the computer, and the rules the
    computer has been programmed with for making
    deductions from that data. (High-Tech
    Dictionary)
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