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The Renaissance 1300-1600

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The Renaissance 1300-1600 Italy Humanism Secular themes Change from medieval Classical beliefs Individualism Talents Education Humanities Literature Sonnets ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Renaissance 1300-1600


1
The Renaissance1300-1600
2
Italy
  • Humanism
  • Secular themes
  • Change from medieval
  • Classical beliefs
  • Individualism
  • Talents
  • Education
  • Humanities
  • Literature
  • Sonnets
  • Machiavelli
  • The prince
  • Revolutionary thought
  • Moral compromise
  • Scholars
  • Question/Challenge everything
  • Church?

3
Italy, contd.
  • Society
  • Wealth and ability
  • Bankers become most powerful
  • Upper class
  • Hierarchy
  • Bankers
  • Merchants
  • Artisans Shopkeepers
  • Working Poor
  • Peasants

4
Italy, contd.
  • Government
  • City-states
  • Loose confederation
  • Signori
  • Authoritarian style
  • Military
  • Condottieri
  • Result?
  • Diplomacy
  • Ambassadors
  • Balance of Power

5
Italy, contd
  • Florence
  • Medici family
  • Pro-humanist
  • Savonarola
  • Rejection of worldly
  • Not so happy ending
  • Rome
  • Rebuilt by Popes
  • Scholars
  • St. Peters Basilica

6
Italy, contd.
  • Venice
  • Major trading port
  • International link for Italy
  • Political stability
  • Doge
  • Republican style government

7
Yes, more Italy(Yawn)
  • The Arts
  • Architecture
  • Classical style
  • Comfort and Beauty
  • Credit
  • Sculpture
  • Focus on lively activities
  • Painting
  • Human emotion
  • Lighting
  • Perspective
  • Leonardo da Vinci
  • Mona Lisa
  • Last Supper
  • Women
  • Access?

8
Values
  • Humanism
  • Potential and achievements
  • Based on Greek Values
  • Importance of the humanities
  • History
  • Philosophy
  • Literature
  • Worldly Pleasures
  • End of modesty to show faith
  • Wealthy enjoy luxuries
  • Secular society
  • People concerned with here and now
  • Affects all of society

9
Supporting the Arts
  • Church leaders spend large amounts of money on
    arts
  • Beautify cities
  • Patrons
  • Financially support artists
  • Merchants and Wealthy families

10
Gender Roles
  • Renaissance Man
  • Universal Man
  • Excel in all areas
  • Baldassare Castiglione
  • The Courtier
  • Explains all the qualities that a Renaissance man
    should have
  • Renaissance Woman
  • Well educated
  • Inspiration of art not creators of art

11
The Great Four
  • Leonardo
  • True Renaissance Man
  • Inventor, painter, sculptor, scientist
  • Mona Lisa, Last Supper
  • Michelangelo
  • Painter, sculptor
  • David, Sistine Chapel

12
The Great Four, contd.
  • Raphael
  • Focuses on realism
  • Uses facial expressions in paintings
  • School of Athens
  • Donatello
  • Sculptor
  • Human and Equestrian works

13
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14
Writing
  • Vernacular
  • Use of native language instead of Latin
  • Purpose?
  • Self-expression
  • Portray individuality

15
Spreading the Word
  • Ideas
  • Gutenberg
  • Moveable type printing press
  • Bible (1454)
  • Literacy rates increase
  • Prevent errors

16
The Renaissance Spreads
  • France
  • Chateaux
  • Mix of styles
  • Northern Europe
  • Christian Humanism
  • Religious tone
  • Seek reform
  • Erasmus
  • Critical views
  • The Praise of Folly
  • Makes fun of higher society
  • Believed people should study the Bible
  • Painting
  • Medieval style

17
Renaissance Abroad
  • England
  • Starts much later
  • Henry VII invites scholars
  • Social issues
  • Thomas More
  • Utopia (Christian Humanism)
  • Shakespeare
  • Legends, mythology, history
  • Universal human qualities
  • Relevance

18
Protestant Reformation
  • Criticisms of the Catholic Church
  • Leaders were corrupt
  • Extravagant spending
  • Pursuing worldly affairs
  • Having illegitimate children
  • People call for reforms

19
Protestant Reformation, contd.
  • Martin Luther Challenges the Church
  • Catholic Monk and teacher (University of
    Wittenburg)
  • Criticizes Church Officials
  • Selling of indulgences
  • Buying way into Heaven
  • 95 theses
  • List of criticisms
  • Copied and spread through Europe
  • Begins Reformation movement

20
Luthers Teachings
  • Salvation by faith in Gods forgiveness
  • Church Teachings should be based on the words of
    the bible
  • All people of Faith are equal
  • People do not need priests to interpret the bible
    for them

21
Response
  • Pope Leo X
  • excommunicates Luther (1520)
  • Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
  • Wants Luther tried as a heretic
  • Luther and followers separate from Catholic
    Church
  • Creates Lutheranism
  • Peasant Revolt (Germany)
  • Raid Monasteries through countryside
  • German Princes
  • Protest Catholic Church
  • Creation of Protestantism
  • Christians who are non-Catholic

22
Protestantism in England
  • Henry VIII (King of England)
  • Devout Catholic
  • Political problem
  • Needs Male Heir
  • Has one daughter with wife
  • Wants to divorce and remarry to have son
  • Church does not allow for divorce

23
Solution?
  • Henry VIII makes himself head of Englands Church
  • Act of Supremacy
  • Death for Treason
  • Wives
  • 2 Anne Bolyn
  • Daughter, Elizabeth
  • 3 Jane Seymour
  • Son, Edward
  • Marries three more times

24
Heirs to the Throne
  • Henrys Legacy
  • Edward VI becomes king at 9 y/o
  • England stays Protestant
  • Dies after six year rule
  • Bloody Mary
  • Returns England to Catholic Rule
  • Executes Protestants
  • Elizabeth
  • Executes Mary
  • Returns Kingdom to Church of England
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