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Human Body Systems

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Human Body Systems Skeletal System – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Human Body Systems


1
Human Body Systems
  • Skeletal System

2
Chapter 17-1 The Skeletal System
  • 1. The skeletal system is all of the bones in the
    human body.
  • At birth the skeleton contains about 350 bones.
    The adult skeleton has only 206 bones.
  • Of these 29 are in the skull, 26 in the backbone,
    25 in the sternum ribs, 64 in the shoulders,
    arms and hands and 62 in the pelvis, legs and
    feet.

3
Types of bones
  • Bones are classified by shape and size.

Shape/Size Example
Long Femur
Short Carpals
Flat Sternum
Irregular Pelvis
4
Bone structure
  • 2. Bone is made of layers of living tissue.
  • The membrane that covers the bone is called the
    periosteum.
  • Large bones are hollow and are filled with bone
    marrow. Bone marrow produces red and white blood
    cells.
  • A smooth thick layer of tissue called cartilage
    separates the bones from each other and reduces
    friction.

5
  • A ligament is a band of tissue that holds bones
    together at the joints.
  • 3. Two types of bone
  • A. Compact bone is the hard strong layer of bone.
  • B. Spongy bone is found at the ends of long bones
    and has open spaces in it to make it lightweight.
  • 4. Two types of joints
  • Immovable joints allow little or no movement. Ex
    Skull bones.
  • Movable joints allow the body a wide range of
    movement.

6
Types of movable joints
  • 5. Four types of movable joints
  • A. Pivot one joint rotates in a ring of another
    joint. Ex Head/neck joint
  • B. Ball and Socket One bone has a rounded end
    that fits into a cup-like cavity in another. Ex
    Shoulder and hip joints
  • C. Hinge Back and forth movement like the hinge
    of a door. Ex knees and elbows
  • D. Gliding One part of a bone slides over
    another bone. This is the most common joint in
    the body.
  • Ex wrists and ankles

7
Functions of the skeletal system
  • 6. The five main functions of the skeletal
    system.
  • A. Shape and support the body.
  • B. Protects the internal organs.
  • C. Gives muscles a place to attach.
  • D. Produces blood cells (marrow)
  • E. Stores minerals (calcium and phosphorus)

8
Bone cells
  • 7. Two types of bone cells.
  • A. Osteoclasts cells that break (cut) down
    bone.
  • B. Osteoblasts cells that build bone up.
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