Title: Ancient Rome
1Ancient Rome
2Beginning of Civilization
- Geography
- Small mountains, large fertile plains
- Settlement
- Latins on the seven hills
- Etruscans N. of Rome
- Rome was built on Etruscan learning
- Engineering, alphabet, architecture, and religion
3Establishment of the Republic
- 509 B. C. end of Etruscan rule
- Establish a Republic
- People choose some of the officials
4The Republic
- Original
- Patricians 2 consuls Senate
- Patricians members of the land-holding upper
class - Consuls elected to lead the Senate and control
the Army - Serve one term, have to agree
- Dictator Emergency general for 6 Months
- Cincinnatus 15 days
5Plebians want power
- Plebians mass population
- Citizens with little political power
- Later elect tribunes with veto
- Laws of the Twelve Tables
- How are you affected by this government set-up?
6Assignment
- Create a Pie Graphic Organizer that gives all of
the information found in the Roman Cursus Honorum
found on Page152. Include the position of
Dictator in your Organizer.
7Roman Society
Family
Women
The family was the basic unit of Roman society.
Male was head of household and had absolute
authority.
Women gained greater freedom and influence over
the centuries. Some women ran businesses.
Most worked at home, raising families.
Education
Religion
Both girls and boys learned to read and
write. Education was highly valued.
Gods and goddesses resembled those of Greeks.
Religious festivals inspired sense of
community. Romans built many temples for worship.
8Roman Expansion
- By about 270 B.C., Rome controlled most of the
Italian peninsula. - Why was Romes expansion in Italy successful?
- Skilled diplomacy
- Loyal, well-trained army
- Army was organized into legions or groups of
about 5000 men - Treated defeated enemies fairly
- Let them keep their customs
- Gave rights to conquered people
9Republic to Empire
- Punic Wars
- 1st Punic War
- Rome defeats Carthage and wins the islands of
Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia - 2nd Punic War
- Hannibal marches all around through the Pyrenees
and Alps and loses 1/3 of Army, but sweeps across
Italy - Never captures Rome
- Rome outflanks by sending an army to Carthage
10(No Transcript)
11Punic Wars Continued
- 3rd Punic War
- Rome destroys Carthage
- Kill everyone
- Sell survivors into slavery
- Pour salt all over
12Supremacy and World Domination.
- Imperialism establishing control over foreign
lands - Macedonia, Greece, Asia Minor
- Egypt allies with Rome
13(No Transcript)
14Domestic Rome
- New Wealthy Class
- Trade, conquest, taxes
- Latifundia large estates bought by wealthy
families - Slaves from war
- How does Slavery hurt parts of the economy?
- Small farmers, exports/imports, growing
unemployment, rich/poor, corruption - Can these principles be tied to our economy today?
15Attempts at Reform
- Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
- Plebian brothers
- Tiberius elected Tribune in 133
- Distributed land to poor farmers
- Gaius elected Tribune in 123
- Use of public funds to buy grain to feed the poor
- Both brothers and their followers were
assassinated by members of the Senate
16Decline of the Roman Republic
- Civil Wars
- Slave uprisings and revolts
- Legions turn into professional armies
17Julius Caesar
- Military commander, Pompey was other commander
- Completed the Roman takeover of Gaul
- Pompey persuades Senate
- Caesar defeats Pompey
- Senate names him Dictator
18Reforms of Caesar
- Public works to help unemployment
- Public land given to the poor
- Citizenship extended to more people
- Introduce new calendar
- Based on Egyptian calendar
- Our basic calendar today
- Stabbed by members of the Senate in 44 B.C.
19Civil War
- Mark Antony Octavian
- Chief General Grandnephew
- Ally to hunt down murderers
- Fight for power
- Octavian is victorious over Antony/Cleopatra
20Roman Empire
- Octavian named Augustus
- First citizen
- Named successor and had absolute power
21Government of Augustus
- Kept the Senate
- Created a Civil Service
- Opened high level jobs to ALL that qualify
- Use the census to create more fair taxes
- Census population count
- Postal service
- Issued new coins
- Use jobless to build roads temples, farming
22Succession
- Chosen some good, some bad
- Refer to the List
23Pax Romana
- Roman Peace
- 200 yr from Augustus Marcus Aurelius
- Stable rule of an area the size of the U.S.
24Entertainment
- Circus Maximus Chariot Race
- Gladiators typically slaves
- Tame restless mobs
25Roman Achievement
- Greco-Roman Culture
- Greek, Roman, Hellenistic
- Poetry
- Virgil tried to show that Rome was as heroic as
Ancient Greece - Satirize to make fun of
26Livy
- Historian and Philosopher
- Tried to establish patriotism and traditionalism
- Was disappointed by the lack of heroism in the
history of Rome
27Art
- Stresses Realism and Individualism
- Mosaic picture made from chips of colored stone
or glass
28Architecture
- Focused on grandeur
- Rounded Dome
- Pantheon
- Columns
- Examples around here?
29Science and Math
- Engineering use of math and science to develop
useful structures and machines - Roads, bridges, harbors, aqueducts
- Aqueducts bridge-like stone structures that
carried water from the hills into Roman cities - Ptolemy Earth is center of the Universe
30Law
- Rule of Law stability and peace through
accepted norms - Influences on the U.S.
- Innocent until Proven Guilty
- Face accuser and offer defense
- Guilt beyond reasonable doubt through evidence
- Judges interpret the law
- Penalties depend on social class
31Early Religion in Rome
- Polytheistic, mystery religions, cults
- Religious tolerance
- Still had to acknowledge the divine spirit of the
Roman emperor and honoring the ancient Roman Gods
32Judea
- Roman controlled
- Jews excused from worshipping Roman Gods
- Messiah anointed king sent by God
- Jews try to rebel
- Rome puts down rebellion and destroys the Jewish
temple - Later rebellions result in destruction of
Jerusalem
33Christianity
- Knowledge of Jesus comes from bible
- Jesus born about 4 B.C.
- 12 apostles assistants of Jesus
- Teachings
- Stemmed from Jewish traditions
- Took on the name Christians followers of Christ
34Paul
- Never met Jesus
- Was actually a persecutor of Christians
- Converted and spread Christianity to many areas
of the world
35Christian Persecution
- Persecuted for not honoring the emperor or Roman
Gods - Martyrs - Christians killed by persecution
36Spread of Christianity
- Spread easily through Greek philosophy and pagan
traditions - Method used throughout history
- 313 A.D. Constantine
- Issued the Edict of Milan
- All Roman citizens given freedom of religion
37Church Heirarchy
- Pope/Patriarchs
- Bishop
- Priest
- Clergy the group of people who conduct
Christian services - Bishop a high Church official responsible for
everyone in the diocese - Patriarch most important bishops
- Pope Patriarchs in Rome
- Heresies - beliefs against the church
38Fall of the Empire
- Politically
- Fighting for the throne
- 26 emperors in 50 years
- Only one died of natural causes
- Socially and Economically
- Heavy Taxes
- Unofficial Slavery
39Diocletian
- Tried to restore power
- Divided empire into two
- He controlled the Rich Eastern Part
- Maximian was appointed to rule the Western Part
- Fixed prices to try to control inflation rapid
rise in prices - Farmers were required to stay on their land
- Sons in Fathers foot steps
40Constantine
- Granted Religious toleration
- Established a new capital at Byzantium -gt
Constantinople
41Invasion
- Huns from central Asia, migrate to Europe
- Overran the Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and other
Germanic tribes - Invasion causes Rome to give up Britain, France,
and Spain - Rome is eventually overrun and sacked by the
Visigoths - Attila attacks most of Europe
- Odoacer kicks the Roman emperor in the West out
of the Throne - This marks the historical end of the Roman Empire
42Why did Rome Fall?
- Military Attacks
- Invasions, military consisted of mercenaries
- Political Turmoil
- Lost support of the people b/c it was oppressive
and authoritarian - Corruption of leaders
- Civil Wars
- Division of the Empire during a crucial period
- Economic Weakness
- Heavy taxes
- Reliance on Slaves reduced technological
innovation
43Why did Rome Fall?
- Economic Weakness cont.
- Farmers abandoned land
- Middle class sank into poverty
- Population decline from warfare and disease
- Social Decay
- Loss of values (Patriotism, discipline, devotion
to duty) - Upper class quit leading and started spending
44Did Rome Fall?