The New Deal

1
The New Deal

• Chapter 15

2
Chapter Overview

• FDR launches a program aiming to end the Great
  Depression. The Depression and Roosevelts New
  Deal have profound effects on the nation.

3
The New Deal Fights Depression

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt
• Inauguration, March 1933
• 20th Amendment
• The New Dealprogram designed to alleviate the
  Great Depression
• 3 Goals
• Relief for needy
• Economic recovery
• Financial reform

4
The New Deal Fights Depression

• The Hundred DaysMarch 9-June 16
• Congress passed more than 15 major pieces of New
  Deal legislation
• Expanding the role of government
• The Importance of the Fireside Chat
• Explained the New Deal in clear, simple language
• Explained the banking system

5
The New Deal Fights Depression

• Regulating Banking and Finance1st Step
• Emergency Banking Relief Actauthorized
  inspection of the countrys banks
• StableOpen UnstableClosed
• Glass-Steagall ActEstablished FDIC
• Provide federal insurance for individual bank
  accounts up to 5,000
• Federal Securities ActStock companies
  responsible for misrepresentation
• Securities Exchange Commissionregulate the
  stock market prevent insider trading

6
The New Deal Fights Depression

• Rural Assistance
• Agricultural Adjustment Actraise crop prices by
  lowering production
• Tennessee Valley Authorityrenovated
  constructed dams in order to generate electricity
  and prevent floods

7
The New Deal Fights Depression

• Providing Work Projects
• Civilian Conservation Corpsput young men (18-25)
  to work building roads, developing parks,
  planting trees, etc
• Public Works Administrationprovided to state
  to create jobs in construction of school
  community buildings
• Civil Works Administration (more of the same)

8
The New Deal Fights Depression

• Promoting Fair Practices
• National Industrial Recovery Act
• National Recovery Administrationset prices to
  ensure fair competition and establish standards
  for working hours
• Food, Clothing and Shelter
• Home Owners Loan Corporation
• Federal Housing Administration
• Federal Emergency Relief Administration

9
The New Deal Fights Depression

• The People React
• Conservativestoo much spent
• Liberalsnot enough done
• The Supreme Court Reacts
• Called several New Deal programs
  unconstitutionalthey gave too much power to
  federal government
• AAA, NIRA
• Court Packing
• FDR suggests 6 new justices be added
• Ultimately adds 7 of his choice over next 4 years

10
The Second New Deal Takes Hold

• Reelecting FDR
• 1936, overwhelming victory
• The Second New Deal
• Called for more extensive relief for farmers
  workers
• Helping Farmers
• Replaced 1st AAA with Soil Conservation
  Domestic Allotment Act
• 2nd Agriculture Adjustment Act
• Farm Security Administrationloaned to farmers
  to buy land

11
The Second New Deal Takes Hold

• Work Progress Administration
• create as many jobs as possible
• Built airports, roads, sewed clothes
• Criticized because private companies should give
  jobs, not the government
• National Youth Administration
• specifically to provide education, jobs,
  counseling recreation to young people

12
The Second New Deal Takes Hold

• Improving Labor Conditions
• Wagner Actprotected workers rights to join
  unions prohibited unfair labor practices
• National Labor Relations Boardto hear about
  unfair labor practices and provide workers union
  representation
• Social Security Act
• Old-age insurance for retirees 65 or older
  spouses
• Unemployment compensation
• Aid to families with dependent children disabled

13
The Second New Deal Takes Hold

• Expanding and Regulating Utilities
• Rural Electrification Administrationfinanced and
  worked with electrical cooperatives to bring
  electricity to isolated areas
• 1935, 12.6...1945, 48...1949, 90
• Pg 500New Deal Programs Chart

14
The New Deal Affects Many Groups

• WOMEN
• Eleanor Roosevelt pressured her husband to
  appoint women to government jobs
• Frances Perkins1st female cabinet member
  Secretary of Labor
• Also appointed 2 female diplomats a female
  federal judge

15
The New Deal Affects Many Groups

• AFRICAN AMERICANS
• Appointed 100 to key positions in the government
• Mary McLeod Bethune
• head of Negro Affairs of the National Youth
  Administration
• Organized Black Cabinet of influential African
  Americans to advise FDR administration on racial
  issues
• Never fully committed to Civil Rights, but still
  had support from black community because New Deal
  was helping

16
The New Deal Affects Many Groups

• NATIVE AMERICANS
• John Collierappointed commissioner of Indian
  Affairs
• Helped create Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
• Move away from assimilation
• Restored reservation land

17
The New Deal Affects Many Groups

• New Deal Coalitionalignment of diverse groups
  dedicated to supporting the Democratic Party
• FDR gained much support from many different
  groups

18
Culture in the 1930s

• MOVIES
• Profitable time for Motion-Picture industry
• Films offered escape from hard realities
• End of Silent films talkies
• Movies
• Gone With the Wind
• The Wizard of Oz
• Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

19
Culture in the 1930s

• Radio
• 90 of American homes had radios
• Fireside Chats
• Orson Wells War of the Worlds
• The Lone Ranger
• Soap Operas
• Woody Guthrie

20
Culture in the 1930s

• Art
• More serious works
• Grant Wood American Gothic
• Federal Art Project (WPA)
• Literature
• Zora Neale Hurston
• Richard Wright
• John Steinbeck
• Federal Writers Project (WPA)

21
The Impact of the New Deal

• FDR faced pressure to scale back New Deal
• New Deal expanded power of federal government
• Infused economy with millions
• Created federal jobs
• Attempted to regulate supply demand
• Increased government participation in labor
  disputes
• Regulate Banking FinanceFDIC, SEC

22
The Impact of the New Deal

• Federal government greatly in debt
• Did not end depression, but helped thousands of
  suffering men, women children
• WWII would eventually end the Great Depression

23
The Impact of the New Deal

• Lasting Legacies
• FDIC SEC to regulate banking investment
• Wagner Act Fair Labor Standards Act
• National Labor Relations Board still active today
• Social Security
• Government accepted responsibility for assisting
  needy
• Commodity Credit Corporation
• Loans made to farmers under AAA
• Tennessee Valley Authority
• National Park system, Dams