TRIMESTER 1 REVIEW

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TRIMESTER 1 REVIEW
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BIG IDEAS

• HOW DID WE GET HERE?
• HOW DID WE ACHIEVE OUR INDEPENDENCE?
• WHY DO WE HAVE THE GOVERNMENT WE HAVE TODAY?

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CHAPTER 1
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Expanding Horizons

• Geography
• 4 major oceans
• 7 continents

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Expanding Horizons

• Geography
• 50 states
• Physical landforms

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Expanding Horizons

• 4 Discoveries of America
• 1) Asians that crossed the land bridge (Bering
  Strait)
• 2) Vikings led by Leif Erickson
• 3) Christopher Columbus
• 4) Amerigo Vespucci
• Hence, why we are called America

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Expanding Horizons

• Mercantilism
• The idea that colonies exist to provide money/raw
  materials for their mother country
• Led to widespread European exploration for as
  much land as possible
• Spain, France, Portugal, Netherlands, Britain
  vying for North American land

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Expanding Horizons

• Columbian Exchange
• Once land was claimed, an exchange of goods,
  materials, animals, diseases and people began
  from continent to continent

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FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT

• John Locke
• Natural rights
• Social Contract (if govt is not protecting those
  rights, you have a right to abolish/overthrow it)
  
• Baron de Montesquieu
• Advocated separation of powers
• Magna Carta
• First document to place limits on a ruler

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FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT

• English Parliament
• Example of representative gov
• Consists of 2 houses
• English BOR
• Ruler had to share power with parliament
• Established rights for citizens

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CHAPTER 2Road to Independence
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FOUNDING THE AMERICAN COLONIES

• Settlements in America
• Sir Walter Raleigh tried to set up 1st colony in
  Roanoke
• The Virginia Colony
• 1606 VA Company received a charter to settle
• The Starving Time
• Survived b/c of John Smith, Pocahontas and John
  Rolfes tobacco
• House of Burgesses

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FOUNDING THE AMERICAN COLONIES

• The 13 English Colonies (Massachusetts)
• Pilgrims arrive in 1620 on the Mayflower
• Landed outside of Jamestown jurisdiction
• Wrote Mayflower Compact
• Eventually became part of the Puritan colony of
  Massachusetts (founded by John Winthrop)
• Very strict and persecuted different religions
• Connecticut
• Thomas Hooker and the Fundamental Orders of CT
  (1st written Constitution in colonies)

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FOUNDING THE AMERICAN COLONIES

• Rhode Island
• Roger Williams (banished from Mass) founded RI
  based on religious toleration
• Virginia
• Became a royal colony after the Powhatan Massacre
  
• Maryland
• Toleration Act of 1649

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FOUNDING THE AMERICAN COLONIES

• Georgia
• James Oglethorpe
• Set up for debtors
• Established as border patrol from Spanish Florida
  

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LIFE IN COLONIAL AMERICA

• The Colonies Grow
• New England Colonies
• Middle Colonies
• Southern Colonies
• An Emerging Culture
• Great Awakening
• Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield
• Religious revival that made Americans more
  willing to challenge authority

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TROUBLE IN THE COLONIES

• New British Policies
• Navigation Acts (1600s)
• French and Indian War
• Albany Plan
• Intro of George Washington
• Effects Huge Debt and Proclamation of 1763
• TAXES
• No Tax w/o Rep

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TROUBLE IN THE COLONIES

• Tax Protests Lead to Revolt
• Boston Massacre
• Crispus Attucks plus 4 other victims
• Trial led by John Adams
• Paul Reveres engraving
• Sam Adams and the Committee of Correspondence
• Boston Tea Party
• Sons of Liberty
• Protesting the Tea Act/British East India Company
  
• Punishment (Coercive/Intolerable Acts)

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TROUBLE IN THE COLONIES

• A Call to Arms
• First Continental Congress (Sept 1774)
• Goal Establish a political body based on
  American interests and challenge British control)
  
• I am not a Virginian, I am an American
• Created militia
• King George sent General Gage to
• Locate weapons and arrest leaders

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TROUBLE IN THE COLONIES

• A Call to Arms
• Paul Revere, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott
  warn that the Regulars are coming
• British reach Lexington first
• Militia, led by John Parker, exchange first shots
  of the Revolution (unsuccessful, but buys militia
  time in Concord)
• British head to Concord where weapons had already
  been removed
• Militia shadowed redcoats march killing 73
• Shot Heard Round the World

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WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

• Moving Toward Independence
• 1st battle (Bunker Hill)
• Loss for colonists but a moral victory
• 2nd Continental Congress
• Began to govern colonies
• Created Continental Army
• Chose Washington as commander-in-chief
• Sent Olive Branch Petition to King
• Wrote A of C

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WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

• Moving Toward Independence
• Common Sense (T-Paine)
• Colonists Declare Independence
• Written by TJ
• Includes reasons why we want independence
• 27 grievances against King George III
• Used John Locke as inspiration

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WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

• The American Revolution
• Patriots vs Loyalists vs Neutrals
• Burning of NY (British prison ships)
• Battle of Trenton
• Surprise attack on Hessians across the Delaware
• Saratoga (Turning point)
• Valley Forge
• War on Sea (John Paul Jones)
• Use of guerilla warfare
• Battle of Yorktown (Cornwallis surrenders)

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WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

• The American Revolution
• Treaty of Paris
• Mississippi is new border
• U.S. recognized as independent nation
• Inspired Haiti and France

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CHAPTER 3A More Perfect Union
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THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

• Thirteen Independent States
• Each state had their own constitution and 3
  branches
• Massachusetts first to outlaw slavery
• New Hampshire first state constitution
• Forming the New Government
• The federal govt had one branch (a weak 1-house
  congress)
• States held all the power

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THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

• Forming the New Government
• Weaknesses of the A of C
• Could not tax, no power to enforce laws,
  unanimous vote to amend, no President, could not
  control trade or settle disputes
• A of C accomplishments
• In order to make money, they sold land
• Land Ordinance of 1785
• Surveyed and divided land into townships
• Northwest Ordinance of 1787
• Provided a model for expansion
• How territories became states

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THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

• Trouble on Two Fronts
• Britain blocking trade in West Indies
• Still had soldiers in Great Lakes area
• Spain blocking the lower Mississippi

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CONVENTION AND COMPROMISE

• Troubles under the Articles
• Shays Rebellion (Massachusetts)
• Madison and Hamilton call for a change to the A
  of C
• The Constitutional Convention
• Philadelphia (55 men except RI)
• VA plan vs. NJ Plan Great Compromise
• 3/5 Compromise
• Constitution goes to the states for ratification

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A NEW PLAN OF GOVERNMENT

• The Debate over Ratification
• Federalists vs. Anti Federalists
• Anti-Feds wanted BOR added
• Needed NY and VA to ratify
• All states ratified by 1790
• BOR added in 1791

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CHAPTER 4Constitution
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PREAMBLE

• 6 Goals
• 1) In order to form a more perfect union
• 2) Establish justice
• 3) Insure domestic tranquility
• 4) Provide for the common defense
• 5) Promote the general welfare
• 6) Secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves
  and our posterity

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PRINCIPLES

• 7 Major Principles
• 1) Popular Sovereignty
• 2) Republicanism
• 3) Limited government
• 4) Federalism
• 5) Separation of powers
• 6) Checks and Balances
• 7) Individual Rights

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ARTICLE 1 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

• Congress (makes laws)
• Two Houses
• Senate (100)6 year term (PresidentVP Joe Biden
  President Pro TemporeOrrin Hatch)
• HOR (435)2 year term (SpeakerPaul Ryan)
• Your Rep
• Ted Lieu
• Your Senators
• Diane Feinstein
• Barbara Boxer
• Impeachment
• HOR impeaches
• Senate conducts trial

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ARTICLE 2 EXECUTIVE BRANCH

• President (Enforces Laws)
• Electoral College (538 total votes available)
• 15 cabinet members
• Must be a natural-born citizen
• Impeached
• Treason
• Bribery
• Other high crimes/misdemeanors

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ARTICLE 3 JUDICIAL BRANCH

• Supreme Court (interprets/reviews laws)
• 9 justices
• Appointed for life
• Original Jurisdiction
• Foreign diplomats
• State issues
• Handle Constitutional issue cases

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ARTICLE 4 States Rights

• Citizens are entitled to all rights/privileges
  that each state grants its citizens
• Extradition

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ARTICLE 5 AMENDMENTS

• 27 total
• Can be proposed by 2/3 of states or Congress
• Approved by ¾ of the states

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ARTICLE 6 National Supremacy

• Constitution is Supreme Law of the Land

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ARTICLE 7 Ratification

• 9/13 states must approve