Night

1
Night

• Review

2
Page 3

• Moishe
• Beadle caretaker of the synagogue
• No surname no true identity, recognition as a
  man
• jack of all trades (master of none) he knew a
  lot about many things, but no true religious
  education, uneducated- Eliezer goes to him for
  education
• Why was he the exception to the rule regarding
  how the poor were treated by the majority of the
  Jewish community?

3
Continues

• Anaphora
• Repetition of a word, or phrase, for emphasis
• List of what he did that gave him acceptance from
  the adult community.
• He stayed out of peoples way. His presence
  bothered no one. He had mastered the art of
  rendering himself insignificant, invisible.
• This is what the Nazis are counting on to
  destroy the Jewish people.
• IRONY Later when Moishe returns.

4
Eliezers view of Moishe

• Softness in his tone. Childlike images
• Simile awkward as a clown circus
• his waiflike shyness child who needs
  protection orphan sweet no conflict.
• wide, dreamy eyes, gazing off into the distance
  childlike imagination (this will later
  influence Eliezer as to the credibility of
  Moishes claims)
• He spoke little. He sang, or rather he chanted
• Religious themes Shekhinah in Exile Kabbalah
• Eleiser 13 years old deeply observant bar
  mitzvah age. Influential age
• Following all the rules and laws of his faith.

5
Page 4

• Influence to begin independent thoughts
  mysticism of the Kabbalah.
• His father wants him to be more educated.
  Protective father.
• You are too young for that. Maimonides tells us
  that one must be thirty before venturing into the
  world of mysticism, a world fraught with peril.
  First you must study the basic subjects, those
  you are able to comprehend. There are no
  Kabbalists in Sighet. He wanted to drive the
  idea of studying Kabbalah from my mind.
• A little bit of knowledge is a dangerous thing.
  Important to know the basics before developing an
  intellectual understanding of religious practices
  and beliefs that may be flawed. Prevents
  confusion or at least is a step in the right
  direction.
• (grandmother) (father bird)
• Father well respected by the community however,
  no father/son discussion when questioned. Eliezer
  then goes on his own quest of his faith through
  Moishe. Parents often make this mistake. I am
  your father/mother, trust what I say without
  question. This oftentimes causes rebellion.
  good/bad.
• Maimonides Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon first to
  write a code of Jewish law all must follow.
  Mishneh Torah

6
Page 4 5

• Begins to ask questions. Why? Why? Why?
• It is always good to ask questions. From that, we
  attain knowledge critical thinking skills
  ability to differentiate between what is truth
  and fallacy.
• Is challenged by Moishe. Why? Why? Why?
• Why do you cry when you pray? Challenges his
  faith. Does he do it out of rote? mechanical
  repetition, without real understanding of its
  meaning or significance.
• Repetition of Why did I pray? Why did I live?
  Why did I breathe?
• Eliezer accepts his ignorance. Hard thing to do
  for anyone. We dont like to admit that we are
  wrong. Then, we must admit that we are NOT
  PERFECT!
• Moishe knows why he prays I pray to the God
  within me for the strength to ask Him the real
  questions.

7
Page 6

• Moishe the Beadle was a foreigner.
• Crammed into cattle cars.
• Hungarian police
• Influence of Germany over Hungary so far
• cried silently - try to be insignificant
  invisible, dont fight back.acceptaccept.
• Not happening to us..just the foreignersvalue?
• What do you expect? Thats war.. too accepting
• USA Japanese
• Long Beach
• For their safety
• Paranoia

8
Hungarys Part

• While anti-Jewish legislation was a common
  phenomenon in Hungary, the Holocaust itself did
  not reach Hungary until 1944.
• In March of 1944, however, the German army
  occupied Hungary, installing a puppet government
  (a regime that depends not on the support of its
  citizenry but on the support of a foreign
  government) under Nazi control.
• Adolf Eichmann, the executioner of the Final
  Solution, came to Hungary to oversee personally
  the destruction of Hungarys Jews. The Nazis
  operated with remarkable speed in the spring of
  1944, the Hungarian Jewish community, the only
  remaining large Jewish community in continental
  Europe, was deported to concentration camps in
  Germany and Poland. Eventually, the Nazis
  murdered 560,000 Hungarian Jews, the overwhelming
  majority of the prewar Jewish population in
  Hungary.

9
Page 6

• Time gives way to forgetting what happened.
• Rumors Galicia, working, content..yes. Went to
  GaliciaBUT.
• Weather is pleasant back to normal
• Moishe returns
• Tells them the truth
• forced to dig huge trenches..took place in
  Galicia.
• Character of the German soldiers
• Jews animals, cattle, dogs, target practice

10
Page 7-8

• Moishe
• Joy in his eyes gone
• No longer sang
• No longer quiet
• Jews, listen to me! Thats all I ask of you.
• They think Im mad, .tears, like drops of wax
• Simile candle melting moving from the light
  into the darkness of Hell to come
• Christ-figure Anaphora I was
  saved.IIIonly no one is listening to me
  Light of the World warning of the evils of
  Satan. Do we listen? They refuse to see the light
  of truth. They ostracize him reject him totally
  as a member of their community.
• Becomes silent.
• Beaten
• Eyes cast down avoiding peoples gaze

11
Page 8- 1944

• False hope Germany would be defeated only a
  matter of time.
• Anaphora The trees were in bloom. It was a year
  like so many others, with its spring, its
  engagements, its weddings, and its births. A
  sense of normalcy. Trying to convince themselves
  that all is ok.
• The Red Army.Hitler will not be able to harm
  us. They refuse to see the truth. What about
  all the millions who have already died?
• so many millions of people.in the middle of the
  20th century? Not possible.difficult to accept
  the possibility of something so evil.do we then
  doubt Satans existence?

12
Page 9

• Fascist party takes over Hungary
• They did not understand what that meant.
• Begin to hear stories. Worriedfor a moment. the
  Jews of Budapest live in an atmosphere of fear
  and terror. Anti-Semitic acts take place every
  day
• Simile news spread like wildfire
• Flames fast and furiousbut unlike most
  wildfires, this one burns out quickly..Rationalize
  
• No worry..wont come to ustoo faragain with
  rationalizationsnot ustherefore, no concern..

13
Page 9

• Jewish people refuse to see the signs
• German soldiers enter their town.
• Officers stayed in Jewish homes.
• Attitude distant but politewolf in sheeps
  clothing.Satan hides wellkeep those
  rose-colored glasses on as long as possiblethen,
  it is too late
• death helmets bringing death to all Jews

14
Deaths-head emblem on German helmet- SS guards
15
Page 10

• Germans are waiting for the right moment. Keep
  the Jewish people calm and unsuspecting. Three
  days after he moved in, he brought Mrs. Kahn a
  box of chocolates..There they are, your Germans.
  What do you say now? Where is their famous
  cruelty? Refuse to see the reality of what is
  going to happen.
• The Germans were already in our townthe
  Fasciststhe verdict - (DEATH)the Jews were
  still smiling.
• Very naive

16
10

• Passover 8-day celebration
• The Jews celebrated their Passover Feast in
  remembrance of God's deliverance from death
  during the time of Moses. Origination of
  Passover
• Moses had been instructed to lead God's people
  out of Egypt and save them from the evil and
  ungodly Pharaoh. Because of Pharaoh's disbelief
  in the power of the One True God, Yahweh sent a
  series of ten plagues upon the Egyptians the
  Nile turned to blood and at various times the
  land was filled with frogs, gnats, flies, hail,
  locusts, and darkness. In one awesome act of
  God's ultimate authority, He sent one final
  devastating plague every firstborn of every
  household would be annihilated.
• In His mercy towards His people, God would shield
  the Israelites from such unmerciful judgment if
  they would follow the instructions He gave to
  Moses and Aaron. The specific instructions are
  outlined in Exodus 121-11. In sum, each family
  was to take a lamb and all households were to
  slaughter their lambs at the same time at
  twilight after a certain number of days. Then
  they were commanded to paint the sides and top of
  their doorways with some of this blood. Once this
  was done and all the meat of the lamb was eaten
  in accordance with God's instructions, God would
  spare the Israelites from death.
• Sighet -
• Weather perfect however, synagogues closed.
  Acceptance? Dont want to cause conflictdont
  complain. Maybe they will go away.
• Celebrate during this time but they are
  pretending. Deep down they are concerned, but
  they dont want to admit it. Want the
  celebrations to be over so they have no reason to
  celebrate.

17
10 still

• 7th day the curtain finally rose
• The play is about to beginHORROR is behind the
  curtain.
• Arrested the leaders of the Jewish community
• Gold and all valuables taken forbidden help
  from the Hungarian police.
• Metaphor The race toward death had begun
• Nazis want this done ASAP!
• Moishe confronts them

18
Page 11

• Mom tries to keep things together job as mom.
  Suffer in silence. Nurturer worry about her
  children.
• Yellow star BRANDED LIKE CATTLE
• Reaction no big deal its just a patch its
  not lethal. IRONY they have been marked for
  slaughter.
• Ghetto
• Nazis are slowly killing the Jewish peoples
  being. 1st step has been easy to accept the
  painless things being done to them. Baby steps.

19
11-12

• Ghetto enclosed within barbed wire. Cattle.
• Comfort zone. Away from the Germans. Safenot
  reallybut lets pretend in fact, we felt this
  was not a bad thing.
• Anaphora We would no longer have to look at
  all those hostile faces, endue those hate-filled
  statesNo more fear.No more anguishWe would
  live among Jews, among brothers.
  NO..NO..NOthis cannot be our reality.
• Euphemism Nice way of saying something
  uncomfortable, bad, etc Of course, there still
  were unpleasant moments. JEWS BEING TAKEN
  AWAY.
• Personification The ghetto was ruled
  by.delusion.

20
Step 2

• Page 13
• German Officers different mood mother feels
  the change
• News Transports The ghetto was to be
  liquidated entirely. Irony The Final Solution
  Liquidate the Jewish people
• Now they are worried and want to know everything.
  Secret on threat of death.
• Page 15
• Irony Our backyard looked like a
  marketplace.All this under a magnificent blue
  sky. Irony total chaos blue(peace and
  tranquility)

21
Page 16-17

• Pain of waiting there was joy, yes, joy.
  Ironythey think that this was hell..they have no
  idea of the hell they are entering.
• Imagery juxtaposition of Blazing sunny day vs
  dead, empty houses (personification) darkness
  within the hearts of the people- fear-despair
• Walk like molten lead slowly, heavily, the
  procession advanced toward the gate of the ghetto.

22
Page 17-18

• There they went, defeated, their bundlesThey
  passed me by, like beaten dogs.
• Juxtaposition of good vs. evil
• A summer sun vs. an open tomb
• Life vs death
• Personification
• gaping doors and windows looked out into the
  void.
• Simile surreal image like a small summer
  cloud, like a dream in the first hours of dawn.
• The verdict had been delivered.death..

23
Page 19

• My mind was empty.
• I felt little sadness.
• numb
• Father emotion now
• cries
• Mother- strong, no emotion
• Hungarian police
• First oppressors
• Hatred remains to this day
• Non-Jews
• Ignore the reality- hide their guilt for doing
  nothing
• Refuse to fight for their neighbors condone ?

24
Page 20 - 21

• Move to small ghetto
• Still have faith
• Oh god, Master of the Universe, in your infinite
  compassion, have mercy on us..
• Still have hope
• ..we were beginning to get used to the
  situationmiserable little lives until the end of
  the war.
• Verbal irony
• a big farcejust want to steal our
  valuableseasier to do when the owners are on
  vacation
• Free will taken away
• we were all people condemned to the same
  fate-still unknown.

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Page 22

• Change of control irony worse
• It had been agreed that the Jewish Council would
  handle everything by itself.
• Jews have been conditioned to go along with the
  program. Comfort zone to have friends organize
  the march toward death.
• Non-Jews
• Again no one stands up for humanity
• ..behind the shutters, our friends of yesterday
  were probably waiting for the moment when they
  could loot our homes.
• Plan has been successful
• cattle cars were waitingcars were sealedone
  person...in charge...someone escapesperson
  shot.
• Two Gestapo officersall smiles all things
  considered, it had gone very smoothly.

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Page 23

• Juxtaposition of beauty vs evil
• The lucky ones could watch the blooming
  countryside flit by.
• Loss of sense of modesty, humanity
• Freed of normal constraints.let go of their
  inhibitionscaressed one another.
• Human contactlovenecessary for survival of
  humanity.
• Metaphor
• Our eyes opened. Too late.
• Reality of their delusions of safety. No escape
  from Hell.

27
Page 24

• Inhumanity to humanity
• shot like dogs.
• The world had become a hermetically sealed
  cattle car.
• Air-tight
• Seal off the contamination of the Jews
• Smothering
• No one from the outside can help

28
Page 25 - 28

• Mrs. Schachter
• Irony of sanity vs insanity
• Insane sees the truth prophetess
• Sane refuse to see the truth
• Fire! I see a fire! I see a fire! pity
• Simile she looked like a withered tree in a
  field of wheat.
• Fear we felt the abyss opening beneath us.
  (abyss- immeasurable chasm/void total darkness)
• Like Moishe, Jews, listen to me!... warning
  rejection
• Rationalization She is hallucinatingthirstyfla
  mes devouring her (personification)
• Cruelty breeds cruelty
• bound and gagged her
• received several blows to the head that could
  have been lethal.
• Approval of the rest to beat her
• Keep her quiet! Make that madwoman shut up.
  Shes not the only one here
• Struck again
• Jews, look! Look at the fire! Look at the
  flames! And as the train stopped this time we
  saw flames rising from a tall chimney into a
  black sky.

29
Fair and Balanced

• It is important to understand that the majority
  of Germans were not Nazis.
• Most of the concentration camps were not in
  Germany this gave the Nazi government the
  ability to convince the German people that the
  camps that they did have were only work camps or
  training camps. The idea of the reality of what
  was happening is something so heinous, that the
  normal person could not comprehend the truth of
  what was happening to the Jewish people.
• The camps in Germany were work camps. Why would
  anyone think differently?
• March 22, 1933 - Nazis open Dachau concentration
  camp near Munich, to be followed by Buchenwald
  near Weimar in central Germany, Sachsenhausen
  near Berlin in northern Germany, and Ravensbrück
  for women. These were the work camps.
• This era was not a time of television, internet,
  cable, 24-hour news. The people only had radio
  and newspaper. These two media have the ability
  to propagandize without question.
• The most of the free world was ignorant as well.
  
• Ex. We do not know what horrors may be happening
  50 miles away from our own homes, except for
  internet, 24-hour cable, the ability to move
  about freely and quickly.

30
German Jews

• At Wuerzburg, Germany, Jewish deportees carrying
  bundles and suitcases march through town in
  columns behind Nazi officials riding in an open
  car.
• The Jews of Wuerzburg were taken by police
  officials into the Platzscher Garten hotel. In
  one room of the hotel, their luggage was
  inspected by Gestapo officials and all valuables
  were confiscated. The luggage was then taken to a
  collecting area, from where it would supposedly
  be taken to the deportation train. However, the
  deportees never saw their luggage again.
• In a second room, the deportees surrendered all
  their personal papers showing ownership of
  securities and property. They were left only with
  their identification cards, watches and wedding
  rings. In the next room the deportees underwent
  body searches for concealed valuables. Even gold
  fillings were removed from their teeth. Next,
  their identification cards were stamped
  "evakuiert" deported.
• They were then surrendered to an SS detachment
  until ready to leave for the railway station. To
  facilitate the march through the city and the
  boarding of the trains, the deportees were
  organized into groups led by Jewish ordners. The
  transport traveled to Nuremberg, where it was
  attached to a larger Judentransport departing for
  ghettos and concentration camps in the East,
  outside of Germany

31
DEATH

• Death 1 (page 7) One day, Moshe the Beadle, who
  had been deported, comes back to Sighet to tell
  the story of the extermination of the Jews by the
  Gestapo. Although Moshe begs desperately to be
  heard, no one believes him. He tells Elie, "'I
  wanted to come back to Sighet to tell you the
  story of my death.'" Moshe the Beadle considers
  himself as already having gone through death. As
  someone who has experienced death and
  miraculously lives, he wants to save others from
  having to go through that same death.
• Death 2 (pages 9- 17) Elie identifies the
  German soldiers by their steel helmets with the
  emblem, the death's head. It is the first
  impression Elie has of the German soldiers.
• The Jews are not allowed to leave their houses
  for three days-on pain of death. The term, "on
  pain of death" is used several times in the
  narrative to emphasize the harsh reality of the
  German's threats.
• As the Jews are forced to wear the yellow star,
  Elie's father replies, "'The yellow star? Oh
  well, what of it? You don't die of it....'" Elie
  responds, "Poor Father! Of what then did you
  die?" The yellow star symbolizes the mark of
  distinction that sends many Jews to their deaths.
  In retrospect, Wiesel feels that his father and
  the Jews of Sighet conceded to their deaths by
  submitting to every German decree. With each
  submission, they die a bit more.
• As the ghettos are emptied by the deportation of
  the Jews, rooms that were once bustling with
  activity, lay open with the people's belongings
  still remaining. It is like an "open tomb" in
  that there is no longer any sign of life.

32
DEATH

• Death 3 (p. 33)The crematories serve as
  factories of death. The big, fiery furnace is
  where those who do not make the selection are
  sent. The threat of being sent to the crematory
  is likened to being sent to the grave.
• As the prisoners witness the burning of babies,
  they begin to recite the Kaddish, the prayer for
  the dead. It is a prayer that the living offer up
  on behalf of the dead. "Someone began to recite
  the Kaddish, the prayer for the dead. I do not
  know if it has ever happened before, in the long
  history of the Jews, that people have ever
  recited the prayer for the dead for themselves."
  The threat of death is so imminent that the Jews
  recite the prayer for their own souls.
• Death 4 (p. 38)
• The SS officer who introduces them to Auschwitz
  is described as having the odor of the Angel of
  Death. He tells the Jews that if they do not
  work, they will be sent to the crematory. The
  idea of being sent to the furnace becomes a firm
  reality.
• Elie realizes, as he settles in during the first
  night of camp, that he has changed the child in
  him is dead. It is the death of his old
  identity-the death of his innocence.
• On the electric wires at Auschwitz, there is a
  sign with a caption "Warning. Danger of death."
  Elie considers it a mockery because everywhere in
  the camp, there is constant danger of death.

33
MEMORY

• Memory 1 Although the whole of Night is a series
  of memories, there are many cases where either
  "forgetting" or "remembering" plays a significant
  role in the narrative. In the first chapter,
  Moshe the Beadle and all the foreign Jews of
  Sighet are expelled by the Hungarian Police. The
  Jews of Sighet are troubled but soon after the
  deportation, the deportees are forgotten and town
  life returns to normal.
• Moshe returns to Sighet and recounts the horror
  stories of the Gestapo's extermination of the
  Jews. He tries to recall from memory, the stories
  of the victims' deaths "He went from one Jewish
  house to another, telling the story of Malka, the
  young girl who had taken three days to die, and
  of Tobias, the tailor, who had begged to be
  killed before his sons....
• The German army sets up two ghettos in Sighet.
  The Jews of the "little ghetto" are deported
  first and just three days later, even as they
  move into the previous occupants' homes, the Jews
  of the big ghetto forget about them.

34
MEMORY

• Memory 2 During the train ride, the Jews try
  desperately to silence the maddening screams of
  Madame Schachter. They even go so far as to hit
  her. Just as the Jews are able to block Madame
  Schachter out of their minds, they see the flames
  of the furnace and smell the odor of burning
  flesh at Birkenau. There, they are reminded of
  Madame Schachter's visions. (P 28)
• Memory 3 The first night of camp is forever
  etched into Elie's memory. Repeatedly, he uses
  the phrase "never shall I forget." Elie does not
  have to try to remember anything because even if
  he tries to forget, the memories are eternal,
  forever.
• Upon arrival of Auschwitz, the SS officer in
  charge gives the new prisoners an introduction to
  the camp. He says, "'Remember it forever. Engrave
  it into your minds. You are at Auschwitz.'" (p38)
• As the prisoners talk about God and wonder about
  their fate, Elie finds that only occasionally
  does he think about the fates of his mother and
  younger sister. The rigors of concentration camp
  life have dulled his sense of memory.

35
TITLE NIGHT

• Wiesel's experiences during the holocaust, one of
  the darkest periods in human history, are like a
  journey into a night of total blackness. During
  his stay in the various concentration camps,
  Wiesel witnesses and endures the worst kind of
  man's inhumanity to his fellow men, as prisoners
  are beaten, tortured, starved, and murdered.
  Darkness and evil reigned.
• When Wiesel was awarded the Nobel Prize for
  Peace, he condemned the silence and apathy of
  those who did not cry out and condemn the
  criminal atrocities of Hitler and his dark
  forces.
• As a symbol, night does not merely represent
  physical darkness it also stands for the
  darkness of the soul. It was obvious that the
  Nazis were dark and evil but Wiesel also felt
  that his heart was darkened by the evil around
  him. In the book, he says about himself, "There
  remained only a shape that looked like man. A
  dark flame had entered into my soul and devoured
  it.
• Throughout the holocaust, Wiesel was living
  through a long "night" of terror and torture,
  where he could see no light at the end of the
  tunnel, only perpetual darkness.

36
NIGHT

• Night 1 Before the Germans arrive at Sighet,
  nighttime is for Elie a time of spiritual and
  physical renewal. It is a time of studying
  religious texts, of prayer, and of restful sleep.
  This comforting sense of night is forever lost as
  Elie experiences the horrible, dreadful nights of
  the concentration camps.
• Night 2 Elie describes how in the ghetto, as his
  father was telling stories, "Night fell,"
  foreshadowing the news of their deportation. The
  notion of "night" falling on the Jews becomes a
  running theme throughout the book. There are
  several instances where the phrase precedes some
  dreadful event. (p 12)
• Night 3 Darkness characterizes the cattle train
  ride to Birkenau-Auschwitz. In the darkness,
  Madame Schachter goes out of her mind and yells
  incessantly about the fire, flames, and furnace.
  When she points and screams about the fire and
  flames, the other Jews see only darkness.
  Darkness is also a character of night that allows
  the young to flirt and people to relieve
  themselves without being seen. (p 27-28)

37
NIGHT

• Night 4 The overwhelming sense of Elie's
  experiences during the first day of camp is that
  it is like a nightmare. As Elie and the other
  prisoners walk past the chimneys at Birkenau,
  they stand motionless, unable to comprehend the
  sights "We stayed motionless, petrified. Surely
  it was all a nightmare? An unimaginable
  nightmare?" Elie thinks he's dreaming. After
  pinching his face, in disbelief he utters, "How
  could it be possible for them to burn people,
  children, and for the world to keep silent? No,
  none of this could be true. It was a
  nightmare...." (32-33)

38
Night

• That first night of camp is forever etched into
  Elie's mind. His entire narrative story seems
  like an account of one long, endless night "So
  much had happened within such a few hours that I
  had lost all sense of time. When had we left our
  houses? And the ghetto? And the train? Was it
  only a week? One night-one single night?" (p 37)

39
NeverPage 35

• Psalm 150 final prayer ecstatic celebration of
  God. Each line begins Hallelujah, or Praise
  God. Wiesel gives an inverse version, with the
  repetition of Never- negative vs. affirmative.
• Psalm 150 praises God Never questions His
  justice.
• Faith and morality turned upside down.
• Eliezer accuses God of being corrupt.
• Eliezer claims that his faith is destroyed yet
  refers to God in the last line.
• Eliezer is struggling with his faith and his God.
• Never able to forget the horror, he is never able
  to reject completely his heritage and religion.

40
Psychological Moral Tragedy

• Death of faith in god
• Death of faith in humankind
• God fails to act justly and save the Jews from
  the Nazis
• Nazis drive the Jews to cruelty to each other
• Morality is upside down

41
Shaving of Head/TatooingPage 35 42

• Jewish law contains strict regulations about
  cutting ones hair and facial hair. Razors are
  not permitted, and beards and earlocks are often
  considered sources of pride and commitment to
  tradition. Nazi used this as a means of
  humiliation and denigration of Jewish tradition.
• Tatooing is a strict ban by Jewish law. Nazis
  did this to dehumanize, demoralize, and strip
  them of their religious traditions.

42
Angel of Death

• A prominent character in Jewish folk tradition.
• Fearsome angel who would stand at the bedside of
  the sick, and using his knife, take his/her life.
• Change ones name during extreme illness in an
  attempt to fool the angel discard all water in
  the room after the death, because the angel
  supposedly washed his knife in the water.

43
1st Selection

• Page 29
• Men to the left! Women to the right!
• Never sees his mother and sisters again
• 18 and 40
• Weak vs strong
• Truth
• Auschwitz/crematoria
• Revolt
• The wind of revolt died down. Metaphor
• Simile like cattle in the slaughterhouse
• Too little too late
• Dr. Mengele
• Dr. Death
• Conductor of orchestra in this play of horror
• Selection of weak and strong
• Useful for a time, or not

44
Rejection of GodPage 33

• Reality of the horror and no one is crying out to
  the world.
• World does not care.
• God does not care.
• Why should I sanctify His name? The Almighty,
  the eternal and terrible Master of the Universe,
  chose to be silent. What was there to thank Him
  for?

45
Death March

• We continued our march.closer and closer to the
  pit. (33)
• Simile We were walking slowly, as one follows a
  hearse, our own funeral procession.
• Still faith, angry, but May His name be exalted
  and sanctified..

46
Neverpage 34

• Never shall I forget that night, the first night
  in camp, that turned my life into one long night
  seven times sealed.Never shall I forget that
  smoke.Never shall I forget the small faces of
  the children whose bodies I saw transformed into
  smoke under a silent sky.Never shall I forget
  those flames that consumed my faith for
  ever.Never shall I forget the nocturnal silence
  that deprived me for all eternity of the desire
  to live.Never shall I forget those moments that
  murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams
  to ashes.Never shall I forget those things, even
  were I condemned to live as long as God
  Himself.Never.

47
Disinfection

• Page 36
• Gasoline completely soaked in it
• fuel fire
• Exterminate bugs
• Showers get used to this for a purpose later

48
Imagery

• Page 37
• The student of Talmud, the child I was, had been
  consumed by the flames.
• My soul had been invaded and devoured by a
  black flame. (evil of Hell)
• We were withered trees in the heart of the
  desert. (metaphor) (nothing lives) Living dead
• herded continual image of cattle

49
Reality

• Page 39
• Work or crematoriumthe choice is yours.
• Gypsy chance to be cruel to someone
• Father beaten son does nothing
• Guilt
• Forgiven by father

50
Irony

• Page 41
• It was spring. The sun was shining.
• Warning of Death
• The fragrances of spring were in the air
• Work makes you free.
• These were the showers, a compulsory routine.

51
Page 42-45

• Spoiled child
• Branding
• Lied to protect relative from pain
• Humanity does not get reward
• God is testing us.
• March to Buna

52
Vocabulary

• Lagerkapo - head of camp
• Oberkapo - overseer
• Pipel - young apprentice or assistant
• Kaddish - in Judaism, an Aramaic prayer that
  glorifies God and asks for the speedy
  coming of His kingdom on Earth.
• Crucible - a vessel of a very refractory
  material (as porcelain) used for melting a
  substance that requires a high degree of
  heat.
• Din disagreeable music tones
• Dysentery bacterial disease from malnutrition
• Dregs most undesirable part of wine left over
  unwanted

53
Vocabulary

• Rosh Hashanah - (Hebrew, beginning of the
  year), Jewish New Year. Usually celebrated in
  September.
• Zionism - Movement to unite the Jewish people of
  the Diaspora (exile) and settle them in
  Palestine
• Nyilas - Hungarian for Arrow Cross, a fascist
  anti- semitic party which assumed power in late
  1944 and assisted the SS in deportations of
  Jews
• Shavuot - Jewish holiday. It is celebrated in
  the late spring
• Phylacteries - called tefillin in Hebrew, consist
  of two black leather boxes that are attached
  to leather ties the boxes contain passages
  from Scripture written on parchment
• Kapo - director leader of the group
• Blockalteste - Block leader
• Appelplatz - the place for roll call
• Lageralteste - a prisoner who was in charge of
  the other prisoners

54
Vocabulary

• Shtibl - a house changed into synagogue
• Penury - severe poverty
• Kabbalah - body of mystical teachings of
  rabbinical origin, often based on an obscure
  interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures.
• Maimonides - Jewish philosopher and physician,
  born in Córdoba, Spain
• Zohar - Jewish mystical text commenting on
  Torah a 13th-century Jewish mystical text
  that is the primary text of Kabbalistic
  writings
• Glaicia - region of central Europe in southeast
  Poland and western Ukraine
• Gestapo - Secret State Police, common
  designation of the terrorist political police
  of the Nazi regime in Germany
• Kolomay City in Glaicia

55
Buna

• Shoes
• Gold tooth trip to the dentist pretends to be
  ill dentist hanged
• youyouyou choosing cattle at a marketplace
• Juliek violinist beauty of music illegal
• SURVIVAL p 52 a famished stomach loss of
  humanity
• Idek Kapo mad cruel p 54 his father
  simile angry at his father (upside down
  morality break down of humanity )
• Franek Pole - greedy- Father is the way to the
  tooth.
• Idek publicly whips Elie into unconsiousness

56
Page 59

• Two cauldrons of soup!
• Desire overcomes fear of death
• Irony shepherd ss
• Soup lambs wolves inmates
• Irony inmate snakelike

57
Page 61

• Gallows
• Young boy from Warsaw
• Stands in defiance
• Lack of humanity
• Im hungry
• Appreciation for food
• Page 63 different
• Metaphor p. 64 three black ravens
• Pipel hated not this one angelic
• To hang a child was a problem (ironic)
• Page 65 where is God?
• Food tastes like corpses

58
Loss of Faith through the hanging of the Pipel

• God has been murdered
• A just God must not exist in a world where a
  young child is hanged.
• Lowest point of Elies faith
• Death of his innocence with death of the child
• Loses his faith, morals, values
• Fear lose connection with his father in order
  to survive (p.63)

59
Elie as the Accuser

• P. 66 67
• What are You, my God?...
• Benediction
• Anaphora cynical
• the melody was stifled in his throat.
  difficulty keeping the faith
• Accuser vs accused
• Anaphora You.. God is the betrayer
• Powerful stranger observer no longer believed

60
Yom Kippur

• Fast?
• Metaphor locked in hell
• Open defiance of Gods laws
• Falls into the abyss of despair

61
Selection

• Rosh Hashanah
• Pass before God for judgment
• Irony
• Nazis God
• They decide who lives and who dies
• RUN!!! Do not show weakness

62
Pavlovs Theory

• Page 73
• The bell.The bell.a universe without a bell.
• Selection father gives him his knife and spoon.
• Page 76-77 Akiba Drumer lost his faith, will
  to fight, to live no hopetotal despair death
  of the soul
• Forgot to say Kaddish loss of faith betrayal
  of humankind

63
Theme of Faith

• From the beginning, Elie Wiesel's work details
  the threshold of his adult awareness of Judaism,
  its history, and its significance to the devout.
• His emotional response to stories of past
  persecution contributes to his faith, which he
  values as a belief system rich with tradition and
  unique in its philosophy.
• A divisive issue between young Elie and Chlomo is
  the study of supernatural lore, a division of
  Judaic wisdom that lies outside the realm of
  Chlomo's common sense.
• To Chlomo, the good Jew attends services, prays,
  rears a family according to biblical dictates,
  celebrates religious festivals, and reaches out
  to the needy, whatever their faith.

64
Theme of Faith

• From age twelve onward, Elie deviates from his
  father's path by remaining in the synagogue after
  the others leave and conducting with Moshe the
  Beadle an intense questioning of the truths
  within a small segment of mystic lore.
• The emotional gravity of Elie's study unites with
  the early adolescent desire for obsession,
  particularly of a topic as entrancing as the
  history of the Spanish Inquisition or the
  Babylonian Captivity.
• It comes as no surprise that Elie's personal test
  jars his youthful faith with demands and
  temptations to doubt because he lacks experience
  with evil.

65
Theme of Faith

• When Moshe returns from his own testing in the
  Galician forest, his story seems incredible to
  Sighet's Jews, including Elie.
• Later, the test of faith that undermines Elie's
  belief in a merciful God is the first night at
  Birkenau and the immolation of infants in a fiery
  trench.
• The internal battlefield of Elie's conscience
  gives him no peace as atrocities become
  commonplace, including hangings before breakfast.
  
• The extreme realism of Elie's test of faith at
  Auschwitz portrays in miniature the widespread
  question of suffering that afflicts Europe's Jews
  during an era when no one is safe and no one can
  count on tomorrow.
• Although Elie omits fasting and forgets to say
  Kaddish for Akiba Drumer, the fact that Elie
  incubates the book for a decade and writes an
  original text of 800 pages proves that the
  explanation of faith and undeserved suffering is
  a subject that a teenage boy is poorly equipped
  to tackle.

66
Hospital Stay

• Pages 78-80
• Must have surgery on his foot.
• Trust in the Doctor? German Hyppocratic Oath
• Red Army is advancing
• All patients will remain in the hospital.
• Inmates will be evacuated to another camp.
• Metaphor beehive of activity
• I have more faith in Hitler than in anyone else.
  He alone has kept his promises, all his
  promises, to the Jewish people.

67
Irony

• faceless patient
• No chance of survival
• Bomb the camp
• Kill all of us
• Eliezer chooses to leave in pain
• They were saved by the Red Army (page 82)

68
Leaving Bunapage 83

• Anaphora
• The last nightthe last nightthe last night
• Hope still alive Russians on their waysoon
• Imagery Poor clowns
• Death march the belldeath knellfuneral

69
Inner Strengthstill

• ..we were runninglike automatonslike a
  machine.
• Wiesels faith saw too much suffering to break
  from his past and reject his heritage. He kept
  his faith in God throughout.
• Elies faith struggled, but although he rejects
  God, he never totally rejected his faith.

70
Personification of Death

• Page 86
• just a few more meters..a small red flame..a
  shotDeath enveloped me, it suffocated me.
• Love for his father keeps him alive and strong to
  continue. I had no right to let myself die.

71
Master vs God

• Page 87-89
• We were the masters of nature, the masters of
  the world.
• God is no longer the Master of the worldthe
  prisoners are now the mastersgodless
  worldviewsurvival is the only goal..morality is
  meaningless.
• Personification of Death
• All around medance of deathsomething in me
  rebelled against that death

72
Father/Son Relationship

• Rabbi Eliahu and his son page 91
• Elie and his father page 91
• Although angry with God, still prayscalls God
  Master of the Universe.

73
Death So Close

• Page 94-95
• Almost trampled
• Juliek violin little corpse
• Page 96-97
• Imagery eating snow off each others backs
• 100 men to a carso skinny
• Page 98-99
• cemetery covered with snow
• Lack of humanity strip dead bodies for clothes
• Father
• naked orphans without a tomb

74
Animals in the Zoo

• Page 100-101
• dozens of starving men worker watched with
  great interest
• Modern society coins tossed to the poor
• Beasts of prey.ready to kill for a crust of
  bread.
• Father and son kill for a crust of bread

75
Buchenwald

• 100 began12 came out
• Death personified through argument with father.
  Page 105
• Guilt- page 106-107
• Relief when father is gone
• Shares his bread grudgingly
• Father begins to die dysentery
• Page 112- January 28, 1945 father dies
• Free at last should he feel guilty?

76
Page 113-115

• Liberation
• Liquidation of inmates
• Thousands marched out daily
• SS escape
• American tank enters April 10, 1945
• From the depths of the mirrorthe look inhis
  eyeshas never left me.

77
DEATH

• Death 5 As Elie witnesses the hanging of the
  young pipel, he feels that it is his God who is
  hanging on the gallows. Elie identifies with the
  death of the young pipel because he undergoes a
  similar slow, painful, spiritual death.
• Death 6 The selection process determines who
  will live and who will die. Dr. Mengele, the
  notorious SS officer, is the person who heads the
  selection. He moves his baton to the right or to
  the left, depending on the health of the
  prisoners. Dr. Mengele is like the Angel of
  Death. He is the messenger of death.
• As the prisoners prepare for the evacuation of
  Buna, the bell rings. It signals the start of the
  winter march. The sight of the prisoners setting
  out in the winter is likened to a burial
  procession. The prisoners realize that many of
  them will not make in through the march alive.
• Death 7 On the winter march, the prisoners who
  cannot keep up are either shot by the SS officers
  or trampled upon by the others. The winter march
  is a march to their deaths. As Elie sees his
  friend Zalman fall behind, he begins to think
  about his painful foot "Death wrapped itself
  around me till I was stifled. It stuck to me. I
  felt I could touch it."The presence of his father
  is the only motivation that keeps him going.

78
DEATH

• Death 8 On the train ride, dead corpses are
  thrown overboard onto the snow. "Twenty bodies
  were thrown out of our wagon. Then the train
  resumed its journey, leaving behind it a few
  hundred naked dead, deprived of burial, in the
  deep snow of a field in Poland." By this time,
  Elie is indifferent to death.
• As the Jews on the train feel that the end is
  near, they all begin to wail like animals that
  are about to die. The cries are a primal,
  instinctive, and reactionary response to death.
  Many die like animals, without the dignity
  accorded to human beings.
• Death 9 At Buchenwald, Elie's father struggles
  with dysentery. Elie tries to revive his father's
  spirit, but it is of no use. Elie's father is
  taken away during the night. Elie feels guilty
  that he cannot find the tears to weep.
  Concentration camp existence has robbed him of
  the proper response to his father's death. Elie
  is emotionally dead.
• Death 10 In his Holocaust experience, Elie
  undergoes near physical, spiritual, and emotional
  death. It is graphically reflected in the mirror
  as he sees the image of a corpse staring back at
  him.

79
FAITH

• From the time of his childhood, Elie was
  extremely interested in Judaism and studied the
  Talmud and the Kabbala. He regularly attended
  services at the synagogue, prayed to his God, and
  wept over the history of the Jews. His father was
  also very religious.
• In the concentration camps, religion helps the
  prisoners to endure. They regularly pray to God
  for mercy and help. The Jews still fast during
  holy days, even though they are starving to
  death. It seems that nothing can shake their
  faith. Elie's faith, however, gets shaken to the
  core.
• Sickened by the torture he must see and endure,
  Elie questions if God really exists. He refuses
  to pray on the eve of the Jewish New Year and
  will not fast during the time of atonement.
  Elie's faith, however, is not permanently
  shattered. When he sees a son robbing from his
  father, he prays to God that he may never desert
  his father. The prayer is answered, for even when
  his father becomes a burden, Elie stays by his
  side and cares for him.

80
FAITH

• Faith 1 Elie is a deeply religious boy whose
  favorite activities are studying the Talmud and
  spending time at the Temple with his spiritual
  mentor, Moshe the Beadle. At an early age, Elie
  has a naïve, yet strong faith in God.
• Faith 2 Many of the prisoners try to cope with
  their situation by talking of God. Akiba Drumer,
  a devout Jew with a deep solemn voice, sings
  Hasidic melodies and talks about God testing the
  Jews. Elie, however, ceases pray. He identifies
  with the biblical character Job, who questions
  God when misfortunes come upon him. Similarly,
  Elie begins to doubt God's absolute justice.
• Faith 3 As Elie witnesses the hanging of the
  young pipel, he feels that it is his God who is
  hanging on the gallows. Elie identifies with the
  death of the young pipel because he undergoes a
  similar slow, painful spiritual death. The death
  of the pipel is related to the death of his faith
  in God.

81
FAITH

• Faith 4 On the Jewish New Year, Elie feels a
  strong rebellion against God. He becomes the
  accuser and God the accused. But in his rebellion
  against his faith in God, he also feels alone and
  empty.
• The Jews debate whether they should fast for Yom
  Kippur. As an act of obedience to his father and
  also as an act of rebellion against God, Elie
  swallows his food. In the camps, his physical
  needs become more important than his faith.
• Faith 5 Even the most devout, religious Jews
  begin to lose faith. Akiba Drumer does not make
  the selection when "cracks" begin to form in his
  faith. A rabbi from Poland, who always recites
  the Talmud from memory, concludes that God is no
  longer with them. For some, losing their faith in
  God is akin to losing their will to live.

82
FAITH

• Faith 6 As Elie recuperates in the hospital
  after his foot surgery, a faceless neighbor tells
  him that he has more faith in Hitler than in
  anyone else because he's the only one who's kept
  his promises to the Jewish people. This is a
  direct attack on those who have clung to their
  faith in God. The ultimate insult is that even
  Hitler is an object worthier of faith than is
  God.
• Faith 7 Recalling the actions of Rabbi Eliahou's
  son, Elie prays to the God he no longer believes
  in, that he have the strength to never do what
  the rabbi's son had done in abandoning his
  father. Rabbi Eliahou's search for his son
  rekindles in Elie a sense of hope and faith. Elie
  feels that at the very least, he should be
  faithful to his father to the end.
• From an early age, Elie Wiesel has a tremendous
  love for religion, wanting to study the Cabbala
  and Talmud. When he is first imprisoned, it is
  his faith that helps him survive. Like most of
  the Jews, he prays regularly for an end to the
  persecution and strength to survive. His faith,
  however, is shaken when he sees the depth of the
  atrocities committed against his fellow Jews. On
  the eve of Rosh Hashanah, he finds that he cannot
  even pray, questioning if God exists amongst such
  cruelty to mankind. In the end, his faith returns
  and helps him deal with his experiences.

83
MEMORY

• Memory 4 At Buna, Elie is beaten by Idek the
  Kapo and a young French girl comes to his aid and
  tells him to keep his anger and hatred for
  another day. Years later, Elie Wiesel recalls
  running into her in Paris. They reminisce about
  the days in the concentration camp. Such memories
  are hard to forget.
• Memory 5 After the prisoners go through the
  selection process, they forget about it until a
  few days later when the head of the barracks
  reads off the numbers of those selected. Although
  the prisoners forget, Dr. Mengele, the one who
  makes the selections, does not forget.
• Akiba Drumer, sensing that his death is near,
  makes Elie and others promise to remember him
  when he is taken away by praying the Kaddish. Due
  to the harsh treatment they receive, after only
  three days since Akiba Drumer is taken away, Elie
  and the others forget to pray the Kaddish for
  him.

84
MEMORY

• Memory 6 During the train ride in the dead of
  winter, the prisoners forget about
  everything-death, fatigue, and their physical
  needs. The unbearable sufferings that the
  prisoners undergo desensitize their senses-they
  are able to block everything from their minds.
• Elie remembers that Rabbi Eliahou's son had tried
  to abandon his father during the winter march.
  That memory makes him pray to a God that he no
  longer believes in, to give him the strength not
  to do what the rabbi's son had done.
• Memory 7 Elie cannot forget the smile his father
  shows him even in the midst of his suffering. "I
  shall always remember that smile. From which
  world did it come?" Elie asks. These seemingly
  minor, death-defying gestures are particularly
  memorable.

85
MEMORY

• Memory 8 Elie finds it hard to forget the last
  concert Juliek gives to an audience of dying men.
  The memory of the last concert is heightened by
  the lasting images of Juliek's dead body and his
  smashed violin. And whenever Elie Wiesel hears
  Beethoven's concerto, he remembers the face of
  his friend, Juliek, and his last concert.
• Memory 9 When he awakes from his sleep, Elie
  remembers that he has a father. Sleep and fatigue
  had gotten the better of him the survival of his
  body overcomes him to the point of forgetting
  about his father.
• At Elie's father's death, there are no prayers,
  no candles lit to his memory, no tears. In the
  depth of his memory, Elie admits feeling a sense
  of relief in not having to worry about his father
  anymore. He feels free from his father's physical
  presence, but not from the memory of his father,
  which remains with him forever.

86
NIGHT

• Night 5 The impression of "last nights" anchors
  the timeframe of Elie's narrative. There are
  numerous instances of last nights the last night
  at home the last night in the ghetto the last
  night on the train the last night at Buna.
• Night 6 "Night" carries with it the notion of
  uncertainty and fear. Short of representing
  death, night becomes an imagery of the unknown.
  As Elie and the other prisoners prepare to leave
  Buna, there is a greater fear of what is to come
  "The gates of the camp opened. It seemed that an
  even darker night was waiting for us on the other
  side."
• Night 7 One night, on the winter trek to
  Buchenwald, Elie is almost strangled to death by
  an unknown attacker. Elie does not know the
  reason for the attack. Night brings out the worst
  dangers.
• The nights become bleaker as the narrative
  progresses. Thus, Elie detests the "long nights"
  of the winter "We were all going to die here.
  All limits had been passed. No one had any
  strength left. And again the night would be
  long."

87
MANS INHUMANITY TO MAN

• Deportations begin. The Jews are herded into
  cattle cars and sent to concentration camps,
  where they are forced to do hard labor, are
  beaten and tortured, are denied food and water,
  and are often killed by burning, hanging,
  shooting, starving, freezing, or beating. Even
  the babies and small children are thrown into
  pits of fire since they serve no purpose to the
  Nazis.
• Because of the torture they must witness and
  endure, the prisoners become animalistic. When
  they are made to march, if a fellow prisoner
  falls, he is often trampled to death. When food
  is thrown at them, the prisoners kill each other
  to gain a bite of bread. In their search for
  survival, sons turn against their fathers even
  Elie has fleeting thoughts of being rid of Mr.
  Wiesel.
• Through most of the book, however, Elie tries to
  help his father, who is repeatedly tortured. He
  shows him how to march properly so he will not be
  persecuted by the Nazi guards he nurses him
  after he is beaten by a guard he saves him from
  being thrown off the train as a corpse he gets
  him up and to Buchenwald after he falls amongst
  the corpses and he takes care of him after his
  skull is cracked for pleading for water. In the
  end, Mr. Wiesel is taken to the crematorium and
  thrown into the fire, probably while he is still
  breathing.

88
MANS INHUMANITY TO MAN

• The major theme of the book is the horror that
  results from extreme prejudice. Because Hitler
  hated Jewish people, he caused them to be
  imprisoned, tortured, and murdered.
• The book records the horrendous experiences of
  Elie Wiesel, the Jewish author, during Hitler's
  reign of terror. He is arrested, imprisoned in a
  concentration camp, and tortured.
• Although he escapes death, he is totally
  devastated by the things he must endure and
  witness during the holocaust.
• The book is a recording of man's inhumanity to
  man at its worst.
• The persecution begins when the Germans occupy
  Sighet. Soon Jews are made to wear yellow stars
  to identify themselves in addition, Jewish shops
  are closed and Jewish homes are seized, forcing
  the families to live in the ghetto.

89
Eternal Flame

• All Jewish temples have a light that is always
  on. It references the Eternal Flame that was
  kept burning in the First Temple. Represents the
  eternal watchfulness and providence of God over
  His people.
• Night flame and fire represent Nazi power and
  cruelty. Reflects Eliezers loss of faith.
  Symbolizes the evil in the world rather than
  Gods benevolence.