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Blood Pressure and Hypertension

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Blood Pressure and Hypertension Blood Pressure Your Blood Pressure Reflects: How hard your heart is working The condition of your arteries Cardiac Output x Arterial ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Blood Pressure and Hypertension


1
Blood Pressure and Hypertension
2
Blood Pressure
  • Your Blood Pressure Reflects
  • How hard your heart is working
  • The condition of your arteries

3
Cardiac Output x Arterial Resistance
  • Cardiac Output Amount of blood your heart pumps
    per minute
  • Arterial Resistance Pressure the walls of the
    arteries exert on the flowing blood

4
What regulates your blood pressure?
  • Complex interactions among your Central Nervous
    System (CNS), hormones, and substances your blood
    vessels produce from the endothelium
  • Endothelium layer of cells lining the inner
    wall of blood vessels produce both vasodilators
    and vasoconstrictors

5
What happens when blood pressure gets too high?
  • Nerve cells in your circulatory system tell your
    Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
  • ANS manages involuntary activities of smooth
    muscles, including those in the intestines, sweat
    glands, airways, heart and blood vessels

6
Autonomic Nervous System
  • The ANS is made of the sympathetic and
    parasympathetic nervous systems
  • The SYMPATHETIC nervous system
  • Prepares body for action
  • Triggers release of the neurotransmitters
    epinephrine and norepinephrine
  • Raises blood pressure

7
Autonomic Nervous System
  • The ANS is made of the sympathetic and
    parasympathetic nervous systems
  • The PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system helps the body
    recover from action

8
How is blood pressure measured?
  • Sphygmomanometer traditional blood pressure
    measuring device measures in mm Hg (mercury)
  • Systolic pressure top , amount of pressure
    during the hearts pumping phase (systole)
  • Diastolic pressure bottom , amount of pressure
    during resting phase between heartbeats (diastole)

9
Classifications of Hypertension
  • ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION (Primary hypertension)
  • - 90-95 of cases
  • -condition has no identifiable underlying cause

10
Classifications of Hypertension
  • SECONDARY HYPERTENSION arises from another
    condition often treatable
  • Common causes
  • Renal artery stenosis narrowing of artery that
    supplies blood to the kidneys
  • Hyperaldosteronism too much aldosterone, a
    hormone made by the adrenal glands that regulates
    potassium and sodium levels

11
Secondary Hypertension
  • 3) Hyperthyroidism overactive thyroid gland

12
How High is High Blood Pressure?
  • See your handout for information on
  • -Prehypertension
  • -Stage 1 Hypertension
  • -Stage 2 Hypertension

13
Risk Factors for Hypertension
  • Race
  • Family history
  • Age
  • Sex

14
Risk Factors for Hypertension
  • Cigarette smoking
  • Heavy alcohol consumption
  • Diet (too much salt, saturated fat, and calories
    not enough fruits and vegetables)
  • Obesity and overweight
  • Inactivity
  • Stress
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