High Blood Pressure and Congestive Heart Failure

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• High Blood Pressure and Congestive Heart Failure
• Topic 7

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What Is Blood Pressure?

• The pressure blood exerts on the arteries
• It can rise and fall throughout the day
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Occurs when blood pressure remains elevated over
  a period of time
• Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis)
• When the heart works too hard it may lead to a
  stroke or heart attack

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High Blood Pressure Facts

• Systolic (top number)
• Diastolic (bottom number)
• Many individuals will attain their diastolic
  blood pressure goals once they reach their
  systolic blood pressure goal
• Modifications in lifestyle can aid in improving
  systolic blood pressure

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What Defines High Blood Pressure?

• Normal
• Systolic lt 120 mm Hg OR
• Diastolic lt80 mm Hg
• Pre-hypertension
• Systolic 120-139 mm Hg OR
• Diastolic 80-89 mm Hg

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What Defines High Blood Pressure? (contd)

• Stage 1 hypertension
• Systolic 140-159 mm Hg OR
• Diastolic 90-99 mm Hg
• Stage 2 hypertension
• Systolic gt or equal to 160 mm Hg
• Diastolic gt or equal to 100 mm Hg

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What Are Some of the Causes of High Blood
Pressure?

• Chronic kidney disease
• Thyroid conditions
• Genetics
• Drugs (illegal)
• Cocaine
• Lifestyle
• Certain medications
• Birth control

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Untreated Hypertension

• Stroke
• Heart failure
• Renal failure
• Memory trouble

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High Blood Pressure Interventions

• Weight loss
• Especially if overweight or obese
• Physical activity
• 30 minutes daily most days of the week
• Healthy eating
• DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)
  diet
• Limit sodium intake
• 2-4 grams daily
• Limit fat intake
• Incorporate meat into a meal as a part of the
  meal and not as the focus of the meal
• Restrict daily alcohol intake
• Menno more than 2 drinks and Womenno more than
  1 drink

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Nutrition Sodium in Food Items

• Aim to limit/avoid these items
• Table salt
• Do not add table salt to food
• Limit addition of table salt when cooking
• Processed foods
• Condiments, sauces and seasonings
• Tip 1 Purchase canned vegetables packed in
  water or rinse canned foods such as tuna and
  canned beans .
• Tip 2 Flavor foods with sodium free herbs and
  spices.
• Tip 3 When dinning out let your server know
  that you are looking for low salt or no salt
  items.

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Nutrient Claims Reading Labels

• Sodium
• Highmore than 300 mg/serving
• Moderate140-300 mg/serving
• Lowlt140 mg/serving
• Very Lowlt35 mg/serving
• Sodium Freelt5mg/serving
• Aim to limit high sodium foods
• A high sodium food item may also equate to eating
  more than a serving size of a moderate or low
  sodium food item

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What Is Heart Failure?

• The heart is unable to efficiently pump blood
  throughout the body
• Complications can occur
• Lung congestion
• Abdominal pain
• Ankle swelling
• Breathing difficulty
• Statistics
• Leading cause of cardiovascular disease related
  deaths
• Over 630,000 deaths per year relating to heart
  disease

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Heart Failure Causes

• Previous heart attack
• Coronary heart disease
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Low thyroid function

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Heart Failure Risk Factors

• Physical inactivity
• Overweight/obesity
• Cigarette smoking
• Diabetes
• Hypertension

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Heart Failure Complications

• Edema (collection of fluid) in extremities
• Fatigue
• Pulmonary edema (collection of fluid in lungs)
• Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
• Kidneys can function improperly
• Liver can become damaged (scarring)
• In some cases, cardiac cachexia (wasting through
  loss of weight and muscle mass)

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Heart Failure Treatment

• Sodium restriction
• Diuretics
• May include pacemaker or transplant
• Certain treatments can improve heart function
• Untreated heart failure can lead to death!

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When Do I See a doctor?

• Chest pain?
• Fatigue and weakness?
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat?
• Shortness of breath when you exert yourself or
  when you lie down?
• Reduced ability to exercise?
• Persistent cough or wheezing with white/pink
  colored phlegm?
• Swelling in your abdomen, legs, ankles and/or
  feet?
• Difficulty concentrating or decreased alertness?
• If the answer to any of these is YES, then see a
  doctor!

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Can Heart Failure Be Prevented? Yes!

• Control certain medical conditions high blood
  pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes
• Stay physically active
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Reduce and properly manage stress
• Stop smoking
• Eat healthy foods

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Discussion and Questions?

• Food Model
• Show and Tell

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Reference Materials

• American Heart Association
• http//www.americanheart.org
• Heart Failure Society of America
• http//www.hfsa.org
• National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
  Information Center
• http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/
• Mayo Clinic (DASH Diet Recipes)
• http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/dash-diet-recipes
  /RE00089
• DASH Diet
• http//www.nih.gov/news/pr/apr97/Dash.htm