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National Health Priority Areas

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Title: National Health Priority Areas


1
National Health Priority Areas
2
What is a National Health Priority Area?
  • National Health Priority Areas (NHPAs) are
    diseases and conditions chosen for focused
    attention at a national level because of their
    significant contribution to the burden of illness
    and injury in the Australian community. 
  • The seven NHPAs identified for particular
    attention are
  • Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions
  • Asthma
  • Cancer control
  • Cardiovascular health
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Injury prevention and control
  • Mental health.

3
What is the National Health Priority Areas
initiative?
  • The NHPA initiative, established in 1996, is a
    program emphasising collaborative action between
    Commonwealth and State and Territory government,
    non-government organisations, health experts,
    clinicians and consumers, for specific diseases
    and conditions. The initiative recognises that
    the strategies for reducing the burden of illness
    should be pluralistic, encompassing the continuum
    of care from prevention through to treatment,
    management and maintenance, and based on
    appropriate research and data sources.

4
  • By targeting specific areas that impose high
    social and financial costs on Australian society,
    collaborative action can achieve significant and
    cost-effective advances in improving the health
    status of Australians. The diseases and
    conditions targeted under the NHPA initiative
    were chosen because through appropriate and
    focused attention significant gains in the health
    of Australias population can be achieved.

5
Risk factors
NHPA diseaseor condition smoking Physical inactivity Poor diet nutrition Excess body weight High blood pressure High cholesterol
Type 2 Diabetes   X X X    
Asthma X          
Coronary heart disease X X X X X X
Stroke X X X X X X
Lung cancer X          
Colorectal cancer   X X X    
Osteoarthritis X X X
osteoporosis X X
6
Tobacco smoking
  • Of all the health risk factors, smoking is
    responsible for the greatest burden of disease in
    Australia, around 12 of the total burden of
    disease in males and 7 in females in 1996.
  • Cigarettes and other tobacco products contain
    carcinogens (cancer-causing agents), nicotine (an
    addictive agent) and numerous other poisonous
    substances. People who use tobacco have an
    increased risk of developing coronary heart
    disease, stroke, heart failure, peripheral
    vascular disease, lung cancer, cervical cancer
    and osteoporosis. These risks increase with the
    number of cigarettes smoked daily, with the
    number of years of smoking, and especially when
    the habit is started at an early age.
  • Tobacco smoke affects not only the individual
    user, but also others who may be exposed to it.
    Environmental tobacco smoke has been shown to be
    associated particularly with the exacerbation of
    childhood respiratory diseases such as asthma.

7
Poor diet and nutrition
  • Poor diets often result from over-consumption of
    food in general, or diets high in energy-rich
    components such as fat. A poor diet may also be
    low in dietary fibres or complex carbohydrates,
    and deficient in certain vitamins and minerals.
    This contributes to coronary heart disease,
    stroke, Type 2 diabetes and some forms of cancer
    such as colorectal cancer and post-menopausal
    breast cancer.
  • Poor diet and nutrition also contributes to a
    variety of other health risk factors such as high
    blood pressure, excess weight and high blood
    cholesterol.

8
Excess body weight
  • Excess body weight has been clearly linked with
    increased risk of mortality and morbidity from
    heart and vascular diseases, such as coronary
    heart disease, stroke, heart failure and
    peripheral vascular disease. There is also
    substantial evidence for a causal relationship
    between excess body weight and increased risk for
    a number of NHPA diseases such as Type 2
    diabetes, gestational diabetes and some cancers
    such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and
    post-menopausal breast cancer.
  • The risk of developing more than one NHPA disease
    or condition also increases with increasing
    levels of excess weight. Overweight was estimated
    to account for 4.3 of the total burden of
    disease in Australia in 1996

9
High blood pressure
  • High blood pressure is a major risk factor for a
    range of cardiovascular diseases. The risk of
    disease increases as the level of blood pressure
    increases. It can be controlled via changes in
    nutrition, weight, physical activity and
    medication. The burden of disease in Australia
    that can be attributed to high blood pressure was
    estimated to be more than 5 of the total burden
    in DALY terms among Australians in 1996.

10
High blood cholesterol
  • High blood cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia)
    means there is too much cholesterol (a fat-like
    substance) in the blood. This leads to the build
    up of cholesterol, on the walls of the arteries
    of the heart and other parts of the body, in a
    process called atherosclerosis, resulting in the
    arteries becoming clogged and having decreased or
    inhibited blood flow.
  • High blood cholesterol is a major risk factor for
    coronary heart disease, the single greatest cause
    of death and disability in Australia. It is also
    associated with an increased risk of ischaemic
    stroke, heart failure and peripheral vascular
    disease. For most people, a diet high in
    saturated fat is the main factor that raises
    blood cholesterol levels. High blood cholesterol
    accounted for almost 3 of the total burden of
    disease of Australians in 1996.
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