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Postwar Society and Culture

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Chapter 25 Postwar Society and Culture Closing the Gates to New Immigrants World War I caused immigration to dramatically increase Congress passed a quota system that ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Postwar Society and Culture


1
Chapter 25
  • Postwar Society and Culture

2
Closing the Gates to New Immigrants
  • World War I caused immigration to dramatically
    increase
  • Congress passed a quota system that closed the
    gates to Southern Europeans and Jews
  • The National Origins Act caused foreign-born
    percentage of population to fall
  • Jews subjected to increasing anti-Semitism

3
New Urban Social Patterns
  • By 1920, more Americans lived in urban areas
    rather than rural ones
  • Urban environment changed family patterns-
    marriage a partnership where women were equal
  • Emergence of child experts- ranged from rigid
    training to permissiveness
  • Urbanization loosened constraints on sexuality

4
The Younger Generation
  • Disillusionment over the Great War and prudery of
    elders caused more liberal expression
  • Advent of dating versus courting
  • Relations between the sexes becoming more relaxed
    / uninhibited
  • Fashion and public behavior impacted

5
The New Woman
  • After 1920 more openness about sex but
    contraception concern of married women
  • Margaret Sanger Bohemian leader of birth
    control movement
  • Birth control not constitutionally protected
    until 1960s
  • More women worked outside the home but most work
    menial disparity in wages
  • The passage of the 19th Amendment caused rift in
    womens movement as some saw more work needed
    while others saw the job as done

6
Popular Culture Movies and Radio
  • The film industry became the 4th largest in
    capital investment
  • Films became new art lighting, camera angles,
    new methods of narrative
  • New celebrities American royalty?
  • Impact of radio on common population
  • Immediate communication
  • Advertising
  • 1934- FCC established to revoke licenses that
    failed to operate in the public interest

7
The Golden Age of Sports
  • People had more money to spend and more time to
    fill
  • Sports superstars and the rise of professional
    sports
  • Rise of school team sports

Jim Thorp
8
Urban-Rural Conflicts
  • Changes mostly in urban areas
  • Changes resented by rural areas seen as sinful,
    overly materialistic, and unhealthy
  • Radio and movies caused rural areas to want new
    ways at same time they spoke out against new ways
  • Manifested in resurgence of religious
    fundamentalism - conservatism

9
Urban-Rural Conflicts
  • Conflict illustrated by Scopes Monkey Trial
  • Darwins theories banned
  • William Jennings Bryan versus Clarence Darrow
  • Biology teacher John Scopes Dayton
  • Test case for ACLU
  • Conviction

10
Prohibition
  • Rural versus urban conflict alcohol
  • 18th Amendment Prohibition
  • Alcohol related crimes dropped
  • Total abstinence caused many to violate law
  • Smuggling
  • Bootleggers
  • Speakeasies
  • Bathtub gin
  • Alcohol prescriptions
  • Hypocrisy of officials
  • Gangsterism

11
The Ku Klux Klan
  • Revival in 1920s symptom of social malaise
    (apathy)
  • New Klan founded in 1915 by William J. Simmons
  • Targeted Blacks, Catholics, and Jews
  • Very little appeal in NE and cities most
    popular in mid-west and west
  • Success caused factionalism and squabbling over
    power and money
  • Conviction of leader, David Stephenson, for rape
    and death of young woman caused dramatic decline

12
Sacco and Vanzetti
  • Crime 1921 robbery and murder of shoe factory
    paymaster and guard
  • Accused Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
    Italian immigrants and anarchists
  • Convicted sentenced to death
  • Cause celebre
  • Executed 1927 disillusioned intellectuals

13
The New Negro
  • Disappointment after WWI gains
  • Segregation
  • Labor issues
  • Marcus Garvey
  • Separatism
  • Back to Africa
  • The Ghetto
  • Concentrated political power
  • Built self-confidence brought opportunity
  • Culture
  • Jazz
  • Harlem Renaissance

Marcus Garvey
14
Economic Expansion
  • Little government interference
  • Federal Reserve kept interest rates low
  • Post-war demand for products
  • Increased mechanization
  • Increased use of electricity
  • Assembly line
  • Taylorism

15
Age of the Consumer
  • Rise of advertising
  • The installment plan
  • The Automobile
  • Biggest single impact on American society in
    1920s
  • Million cars produced per year cars cheaper
  • New industries to supply parts for cars
  • New road building
  • Changes in family life and recreational patterns
  • Sense of freedom

16
The Airplane
  • Internal combustion engine made airplane possible
  • Wright Brothers
  • Most planes built before 1920 intended for
    military use
  • Charles Lindbergh solo flight across Atlantic
  • Glenn Curtiss father of naval aviation
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