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Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry

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Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry Charles Page High School Dr. Stephen L. Cotton – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry


1
Chapter 1Introduction to Chemistry
  • Charles Page High School
  • Dr. Stephen L. Cotton

2
Section 1.1Chemistry
  • OBJECTIVES
  • Define chemistry and differentiate among its
    traditional divisions.

3
Section 1.1Chemistry
  • OBJECTIVES
  • List several reasons to study chemistry.

4
What is Chemistry?
  • The study of matter, its composition,
    properties, and the changes it undergoes.
    Everyday life?
  • Applied Chemistry- is using chemistry to attain
    certain goals, in fields like medicine,
    agriculture, and manufacturing
  • Pure chemistry- gathers knowledge for the sake of
    knowledge

5
5 Major Areas of Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry- concerned with the
    composition of substances.
  • Inorganic Chemistry- primarily deals with
    substances without carbon
  • Organic Chemistry- essentially all substances
    containing carbon
  • Biochemistry- Chemistry of living things
  • Physical Chemistry- describes the behavior of
    chemicals (ex. stretching)

6
Chemistry is
  • central to modern science, and to almost all
    human endeavors.
  • important to all sciences - biology, geology,
    physics, engineers, etc.
  • a natural science.
  • a language with its own vocabulary.
  • a way of thinking.

7
Why Study Chemistry?
  • everyone and everything around us involves
    chemistry
  • What in the world isnt Chemistry?
  • helps you make choices
  • possible career for your future
  • used to attain a specific goal
  • Do you remember pure and applied chemistry?

8
Section 1.2Chemistry Far and Wide
  • OBJECTIVES
  • Summarize ways in which chemistry affects your
    daily life.

9
Section 1.2Chemistry Far and Wide
  • OBJECTIVES
  • Describe the impact of chemistry on various
    fields of science.

10
Chemistry Far and Wide
  • Materials- perfume, steel, ceramics, plastics,
    rubber, paints, nonstick cooking utensils,
    polyester fibers
  • Energy- greater demands
  • conserve it, or produce more
  • fossil fuels, solar, batteries, nuclear (dont
    forget pollution!)

11
Chemistry Far and Wide
  • Medicine and Biotechnology-
  • vitamin C, penicillin, aspirin
  • materials for artery transplants and hipbones
  • Human Genome Project
  • bacteria producing insulin
  • cloning

12
Chemistry Far and Wide
  • Agriculture- worlds food supply
  • plant growth hormones
  • ways to protect crops
  • disease resistant plants
  • The Environment- both risks and benefits involved
    in discoveries
  • carbon dioxide, ozone, warming

13
Chemistry Far and Wide
  • Astronomy and Space Exploration-
  • composition of the planets
  • analyze moon rocks
  • planet atmospheres
  • life on other planets?

14
Section 1.3Thinking Like a Scientist
  • OBJECTIVES
  • Describe the steps involved in the scientific
    method.

15
Section 1.3Thinking Like a Scientist
  • OBJECTIVES
  • Distinguish between a theory and a scientific law.

16
The Scientific Method
  • A logical approach to solving problems or
    answering questions.
  • Starts with observation- noting and recording
    facts
  • hypothesis- an educated guess as to the cause of
    the problem, or a proposed explanation

17
Scientific Method
  • controlled experiment- designed to test the
    hypothesis
  • only two possible answers
  • hypothesis is right
  • hypothesis is wrong
  • Generates data observations from experiments.
  • Modify hypothesis - repeat the cycle

18
  • Cycle repeats many times.
  • The hypothesis gets more and more certain.
  • Becomes a theory
  • A thoroughly tested model that explains why
    things behave a certain way.

Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
19
  • Theory can never be proven- due to new
    information
  • Useful because they predict behavior
  • Help us form mental pictures of processes (models)

Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
20
  • Another outcome is that certain behavior is
    repeated many times
  • Scientific Law is developed (math?)
  • Describes how things behave
  • Law- tells how
  • Theory- tells why

Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
21
Observations
Hypothesis
Experiment
22
Section 1.4How to Study Chemistry
  • OBJECTIVES
  • Explain why learning chemistry requires daily
    effort.

23
Section 1.4How to Study Chemistry
  • OBJECTIVES
  • Describe the importance of writing in the study
    of chemistry.

24
How to Study Chemistry
  • Understanding and Applying Concepts
  • requires effort on your part
  • read materials carefully
  • take thorough notes you can use
  • study often and effectively
  • quiet, well-lit, remove distractions

25
How to Study Chemistry
  • Understanding and Applying Concepts
  • chemistry has a language of its own, so learn
    the vocabulary
  • look around you, and make the connection to the
    level of atoms and molecules

26
How to Study Chemistry
  • Using Your Textbook
  • name chemical compounds
  • write chemical formulas
  • interpret graphs
  • techniques to solve problems
  • Use your Teacher and Textbook!

27
How to Study Chemistry
  • Using Your Textbook
  • take good notes
  • solve Practice Problems
  • read, keeping objectives in mind
  • use the Chem ASAP! CD-ROM
  • Student Study Guide (p. 24)
  • section summaries Key Terms

28
How to Study Chemistry
  • On Your Own
  • go beyond the textbook
  • make flashcards
  • reread and rewrite notes
  • quiz yourself and classmates
  • form a study group
  • ASK, ASK, and ASK

29
How to Study Chemistry
  • Tests and Quizzes
  • cramming never a good idea
  • set aside a certain amount of time every day
  • get enough rest daily nutrition
  • read tests carefully / thoroughly
  • do easy problems first
  • show work, and evaluate answer
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