Title: Tobacco 2012-13
1Tobacco 2012-13
2Whats in a Tobacco Product?
- The tobacco plant has grown naturally in this
country for centuries. - But tobacco products are far from natural.
- When tobacco is processed, the leaves of the
tobacco plant are combined with hundreds of other
ingredients called additives.
3Additives
- The chemicals that help keep the tobacco moist,
help it to burn longer and taste better. - One example of an additive is ammonia. Ammonia is
also found in urine and in cleaning products.
4Other additives
- Burning tobacco produces smoke that contains
thousands of chemicals. One of these chemicals is
benzene, which is known to cause cancer. - Other chemicals that are produced by the burning
smoke are tar and carbon monoxide. - Carbon monoxide is a gas that enters the
bloodstream and starves your body of oxygen.
5Tar
- Tar is a solid, sticky substance. When tar is
inhaled, it coats the airways and lungs, blocking
small air sacs. - Chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, and other lung
diseases can eventually result from smoking.
6Cigarettes Effects Appear Early
- You do not have to be a heavy or lifelong smoker
to feel the harmful effects of cigarettes. The
harm begins with the first puff, when nicotine
enters the lungs.
7Nicotine
- a highly addictive drug that occurs naturally in
the leaves of the tobacco plant. Some early
effects of tobacco on your body are as follows
8Early effects of tobacco on your body
- Nicotine travels from the lungs into the
bloodstream and into the brain, where the
nicotine raises the heart rate and blood
pressure. - Skin, breath, hair, and clothing will immediately
smell of smoke. And other people usually notice
the odor first. - Most people feel nauseated and dizzy when they
begin smoking because they are not used to the
chemicals that enter their bloodstream and brain.
9Effects continued
- Your senses of smell and taste usually suffer. As
a result, foods no longer smell or taste the
same. - Even light smokers report shortness of breath and
increased coughing. Smokers are unable to run as
long or as fast as they did before they started
smoking. - Smokers are sick more frequently and stay sick
longer.
10Smokeless Tobacco Products
- Tobacco products are not always smoked or burned.
- Smokeless tobacco includes chewing tobacco and
snuff. - Chewing tobacco is coarsely chopped tobacco
leaves that contain flavorings and additives much
like the tobacco in cigarettes.
11Smokeless Tobacco
- Chewing tobacco is placed in the mouth and
chewed. - Nicotine enters the blood- stream through the
lining of the mouth. - Chewing creates brown-stained saliva that must be
spit out often. - Snuff is also put in the mouth, but it is a
flavored powder. It is placed between the cheek
and gum.
12Smokeless Tobacco
- Snuff doesnt need to be chewed for the nicotine
to be absorbed into your body. - If saliva from either chewing tobacco or snuff is
swallowed, the user can become very sick. - First-time users of these products often become
nauseated and dizzy. Long-term effects include
bad breath, yellowed teeth, and an increased risk
of oral cancer.
13Other Tobacco Products
- pipe tobacco, cigars, and clove cigarettes are
other common tobacco products that are smoked. - The way that tobacco in pipes and cigars is
processed allows the nicotine to be absorbed more
easily than the nicotine from cigarettes is. - Cigars can contain seven times more tar and four
times more nicotine than cigarettes do.
14Bidis
- unfiltered cigarettes that are wrapped in tobacco
leaves. - Bidis are flavored to make them attractive to
teens. - With their high levels of nicotine, tar, and
carbon monoxide, bidis may be more dangerous to
your health than cigarettes are.
15Environmental Tobacco Smoke
- Smoke that comes from the tip of a lit cigarette
and the smoke that is exhaled from a smokers
mouth are called environmental tobacco smoke, or
ETS. - ETS is also called secondhand smoke. People who
are around smokers breathe second-hand smoke and
are sometimes called passive smokers.
16ETS
- Are the same chemicals that are found in the
smoke inhaled by smokers are also found in ETS? - Yes, sometimes in higher concentrations.
- Therefore, it is harmful to be near a person who
is smoking even if you are not smoking.
17ETS
- Until recently, smoking was allowed in most
public places, which exposed nonsmokers to ETS. - More laws are now in place to protect nonsmokers.
These laws may differ from state to state. - Nonsmokers who breathe ETS are at risk for the
same health problems that smokers are. And many
of these nonsmokers will die each year from
smoking- related illnesses.
18Tobacco Products, Disease, and Death
- Many of the effects of smoking can be reversed
after a person quits.
19Respiratory Problems
- Shortness of breath and coughing are common signs
of chronic respiratory disease which affects most
smokers. - A chronic disease is a disease that, once
developed, is always present and will not go
away. - Two chronic respiratory diseases are chronic
bronchitis and emphysema.
20Respiratory Problems
- Respiratory Problems continued
- Chronic bronchitis is a disease that causes the
airways of the lungs to become irritated and
swollen. - This irritation causes the person to produce a
lot of mucus in the lungs. - As a result, the person coughs a lot.
21Respiratory Problems
- Emphysema destroys the tiny air sacs and the
walls of the lung. - The holes in the air sacs cannot heal.
- Eventually, the lung tissue dies, and the lungs
can no longer work.
22Respiratory Problems
- Smoking causes most cases of chronic bronchitis
and emphysema. - Death from heart failure follows.
- Usually, the more cigarettes people smoke each
day, the more serious the respiratory disease is.
23Cardiovascular Disease
- A disorder of the circulatory system.
- This type of disorder includes high blood
pressure, heart disease, and stroke. - These diseases prevent organs and limbs from
getting the amount of blood they need. - Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of
death for adults in the United States.
24Cardiovascular Disease
- Smoking also damages the inside lining of the
arteries. - This damage allows solid material to build up
inside the artery. Eventually, the artery becomes
blocked. - When the arteries that supply oxygen to the heart
become blocked, a heart attack results.
25Cardiovascular Disease
- A stroke results when the arteries that supply
blood to the brain become blocked. - Blocked arteries that supply blood to limbs of
the body can cause severe pain. - Sometimes, the need for an amputation, which is
the surgical removal of an arm or leg, can result
from blocked arteries that can no longer supply
blood to the arms or legs.
26Cancer
- Smoking causes cancer.
- Cancer is a disease in which damaged cells grow
out of control. - All tobacco products contain chemicals that cause
cancer. - Smoking can cause cancer of the bladder, kidneys,
throat, mouth, and lung.
27Lung Cancer
- Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths
among both men and women who smoke. - Finding lung cancer early is difficult because it
spreads very quickly. - Symptoms usually don't appear until the disease
is advanced. - If a smoker quits, then the risk of cancer
decreases. But it usually does not decrease to
the level of someone who has never smoked.
28Mouth Cancer
- Smokeless tobacco causes cancers of the mouth,
head, and neck. - A person that uses smokeless tobacco has a higher
risk of getting mouth cancer than a cigarette
smoker does. - Sores form in the mouth of one-half to
three-quarters of smokeless tobacco users.
29Mouth Cancer
- These sores may develop into cancer.
- When the user quits, these sores can disappear.
- The risk of oral, or mouth cancer depends on how
long and how much smokeless tobacco was used.
30Other Health Problems
- The following list contains more reasons to avoid
tobacco products. - Cigarette smokers catch the flu and colds more
often. And they do not recover from them as
quickly as nonsmokers do. - Smokers take longer to heal from wounds and
surgeries than nonsmokers do. - All tobacco products increase the risk for gum
and dental diseases.
31Other Health Problems
- Cigarette smoking has been associated with many
eye diseases. - Smoking can cause premature signs of aging. Smoke
has negative effects on certain tissues in the
skin, which causes premature wrinkling.
32Other Health Problems
- Smoking is harmful to a fetus. When a pregnant
woman smokes, she is more likely to have a
miscarriage. - Babies born of mothers who smoked during
pregnancy are often smaller and may suffer from
health complications as well. These babies are
also at a higher risk for sudden infant death
syndrome, or SIDS.
33Social and Emotional Effects of Tobacco
- There are other consequences for smoking than
health problems. For example, lying to family or
friends, feeling weak about giving in to peer
pressure, and sneaking around to avoid getting
caught are just a few of the problems that teen
smokers face.
34Breaking Rules
- Many states are writing new policies about
tobacco use. - For example, it is against the law to sell
tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18.
New Jersey law is 19 to possess or buy. - Schools forbid smoking on school grounds and at
school events. - Most parents have their own rules regarding
tobacco products.
35Social Strain
- When the use of tobacco causes awkward or risky
situations and creates tension among family and
friends. - It is difficult for both parents and children to
watch a loved one increase his or her chances of
dying from a deadly disease. It is especially
hard when that disease could have been prevented
in the first place. - Social strain also arises when pressure is placed
on people to use tobacco even if they do not want
to.
36Forming a Tobacco Addiction
37Nicotine The Addictive Drug
- Nicotine is a poisonous substance.
- After a person puffs on a cigarette, nicotine
goes from the lungs into the bloodstream. It only
takes seconds for the nicotine to reach the
brain. - Once in the brain, nicotine attaches to special
structures on nerve cells. - These structures are called receptors.
38Nicotine
- When nicotine attaches to these receptors,
chemical messages are sent throughout the body. - These messages cause your heart to beat faster
and your blood pressure to rise. - One way the brain responds to nicotine is by
increasing the number of nicotine receptors in
the brain. - Therefore, tobacco users need more nicotine to
fill these receptors.
39Addiction
- The body gradually becomes used to the nicotine
and cannot feel normal without it. - This is because using nicotine causes an
addiction. - Addiction is a condition in which a person can no
longer control his or her need or desire for a
drug.
40Addiction
- The more a substance is used, the more it is
needed. - People who try cigarettes are more likely to
become addicted than people who try alcohol,
cocaine, or heroin are.
41Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal
- Most long-time smokers smoke more cigarettes than
beginning smokers do. This is because they have
developed a tolerance to nicotine. - Tolerance is a condition in which a user needs
more of a drug to get the same effect. So,
long-time smokers experience smaller and smaller
effects, even with more cigarettes.
42Dependence
- As tolerance develops, smokers begin to feel more
normal when using nicotine than when not using
it. - This is called physical dependence.
- Physical dependence on a drug is when the user
relies on the drug to feel normal.
43Dependence
- A person can also be psychologically dependent on
a drug. - People who rely on tobacco products as an
emotional crutch are psychologically dependent.
44Withdrawal
- If tobacco users have to go for a very long time
without nicotine, they begin to feel sick,
nervous, and irritable. - These symptoms are examples of withdrawal.
- Withdrawal is the way in which the body responds
when a dependent person stops using a drug.
45Withdrawal
- Withdrawal is the sign that a person has become
physically dependent on tobacco products. - Withdrawal usually includes uncomfortable
physical and psychological symptoms. - A major reason that it is hard for long- time
smokers to quit smoking is the discomfort of
withdrawal.
46Why People Use Tobacco
- Pressure from friends is one of the main reasons
teens begin to smoke. Having to say no to your
friends is very difficult to do. In this lesson,
you will learn about different influences on
teens and why some teens eventually give in to
smoking.
47Influence from Others
- One of the most powerful forces comes from your
peers. - Peers are people of about the same age as you
with whom you interact every day. - Peer pressure is the feeling that you should do
something because your friends want you to.
48Peer Pressure
- Influence from peers is one of the main reasons
that teens first try cigarettes. - Most teens smoke because they want to be accepted
by their peers. - And they want to experiment with an Adult
activity.
49- Sadly, most teens do not think they will become
addicted. - Nor do teenagers believe that they will have any
serious tobacco-related health problems. - Studies show that most teen smokers wish they
could quit. And quitting is just as difficult for
adolescent smokers as it is for adult smokers.
Because adolescents are still growing and
developing, they can seriously hurt their bodies
by smoking.
50The Power of Advertising
- Tobacco companies spend nearly 1.5 million an
hour to advertise their products. - Ads often use targeted marketing.
- Targeted marketing is advertising aimed at a
particular group of people. - Teenagers, sports fans, and outdoor enthusiasts
are especially good targets.
51Advertising
- The ads make the companies products and brands
appealing to people in these groups. - For example, most cigarette ads show very
attractive people doing something very exciting
while smoking their brand of cigarettes. - Laws have been passed to ban tobacco advertising
on TV, on billboards, and in certain magazines.
52Feeling Tempted
- Peer pressure, family members who smoke,
advertising, TV, and movies all influence your
attitude about smoking. The movies and TV often
make smoking look very glamorous. - But remember, once people are addicted, the
glamour of smoking quickly fades. Most smokers
develop a nasty cough. And their clothes, hair,
and breath smell of smoke.
53Quitting
- Most people who use tobacco products wish they
didnt. Every year, about 70 percent of adult
smokers say they want to quit. Of the 41 percent
of all adult smokers who try to quit, only about
4-5 percent of them are successful. By age 18,
about two-thirds of teens who smoke say they
regret having started smoking.
54Its Tough to Quit
- The younger a person is when they quit, the more
that persons body can recover. Often, quitting
takes several attempts. - Once tobacco users quit using tobacco, withdrawal
begins. - They get headaches, become dizzy, have trouble
sleeping, and get depressed. Withdrawal symptoms
make it difficult to stay tobacco free.
55Quitting
- Some people crave tobacco products years after
theyve quit. But quitting has major health
benefits even if the person is already sick with
a smoking-related disease.
56Tools That Can Help
- Some of the tools that can help people who want
to stop smoking - Support groups and counseling programs can
provide encouragement for people who want to quit
using tobacco. - Nonprescription nicotine replacement therapy, or
NRT, is a safe medicine that delivers a small
amount of nicotine to the body.
57NRT
- Many withdrawal symptoms are caused by a lack of
nicotine in the body, so NRT was developed to
help ease the symptoms. Nonprescription NRT is
available as nicotine gum, patches, and lozenges.
58Tools
- Prescription NRT can also help a person quit
smoking. The latest prescription nicotine
replacement therapies are nicotine inhalers and
nicotine nasal sprays. - Prescription medications that block nicotines
actions in the brain are also helping people quit
smoking.
59Tools
- Sometimes, a combination of more than one method
will work. For example, some people may use the
nicotine patch while going to a support group.
The nicotine patch can help with the physical
addiction.
60Relaxing Without Tobacco
- Hanging out with friends and enjoying life is
much easier with- out tobacco. Its hard to relax
and have fun when you know that youre breaking
the law, becoming addicted to nicotine, and
damaging your health as well as the health of
others around you.
61Relaxing Without Tobacco
- Many everyday activities, such as playing sports,
going to the movies, or shopping at the mall
become a hassle when youre a tobacco user.
Smokers often worry about what they will do in
situations in which they cant smoke. It is
difficult to travel on trains, buses, or planes
now that smoking has been banned on them.
62Relaxing Without Tobacco
- Being addicted to nicotine means that if you
dont get your nicotine fix you dont feel right.
And that can be quite a problem. There are many
times when you cant light up a cigarette or take
a dip of snuff.
63Finding Healthy Habits
- Many teens are first offered tobacco during
middle and high school. Many of these teens will
try it, get hooked, and ultimately die because of
it. - Understanding the dangers of tobacco and being
prepared to refuse tobacco are the best ways to
ensure a healthy life.
64Choosing Not to Use Tobacco
65Refusing Tobacco
- Learning to say no can be a valuable tool. Your
response could be a simple No or no, thanks.
Or you could reply, smoking is too
dangerous-especially if my parents find out! - Whichever way you decide to handle the situation,
dont feel that you have to explain why you
refused or make excuses. And even if youve
accepted tobacco in the past, you can still say
no this time.
66Peer Pressure
- Positive peer pressure influences you to do
something that benefits you. It is easier to stay
tobacco free if none of your friends smoke. - If your friends try to get you to smoke, they are
using negative peer pressure. Negative peer
pressure can harm you if you let it.
67A Tobacco-Free Life
- If you have never used tobacco, dont start!
- It is very easy to become addicted to nicotine.
In fact, it is easier to become addicted to
tobacco than to most other drugs. - Using tobacco is deadly. Smoking is the leading
preventable cause of death in the United States.
68A Tobacco-Free Life
- Tobacco makes your skin, hair, breath, and
clothing smell bad. It also makes your teeth
yellow. - Tobacco in any form is expensive, and it is
getting more expensive every day.Make a healthy
choice to stay tobacco free. You wont regret it!