Tobacco 2012-13

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Tobacco 2012-13
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Whats in a Tobacco Product?

• The tobacco plant has grown naturally in this
  country for centuries.
• But tobacco products are far from natural.
• When tobacco is processed, the leaves of the
  tobacco plant are combined with hundreds of other
  ingredients called additives.

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Additives

• The chemicals that help keep the tobacco moist,
  help it to burn longer and taste better.
• One example of an additive is ammonia. Ammonia is
  also found in urine and in cleaning products.

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Other additives

• Burning tobacco produces smoke that contains
  thousands of chemicals. One of these chemicals is
  benzene, which is known to cause cancer.
• Other chemicals that are produced by the burning
  smoke are tar and carbon monoxide.
• Carbon monoxide is a gas that enters the
  bloodstream and starves your body of oxygen.

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Tar

• Tar is a solid, sticky substance. When tar is
  inhaled, it coats the airways and lungs, blocking
  small air sacs.
• Chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, and other lung
  diseases can eventually result from smoking.

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Cigarettes Effects Appear Early

• You do not have to be a heavy or lifelong smoker
  to feel the harmful effects of cigarettes. The
  harm begins with the first puff, when nicotine
  enters the lungs.

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Nicotine

• a highly addictive drug that occurs naturally in
  the leaves of the tobacco plant. Some early
  effects of tobacco on your body are as follows

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Early effects of tobacco on your body

• Nicotine travels from the lungs into the
  bloodstream and into the brain, where the
  nicotine raises the heart rate and blood
  pressure.
• Skin, breath, hair, and clothing will immediately
  smell of smoke. And other people usually notice
  the odor first.
• Most people feel nauseated and dizzy when they
  begin smoking because they are not used to the
  chemicals that enter their bloodstream and brain.

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Effects continued

• Your senses of smell and taste usually suffer. As
  a result, foods no longer smell or taste the
  same.
• Even light smokers report shortness of breath and
  increased coughing. Smokers are unable to run as
  long or as fast as they did before they started
  smoking.
• Smokers are sick more frequently and stay sick
  longer.

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Smokeless Tobacco Products

• Tobacco products are not always smoked or burned.
  
• Smokeless tobacco includes chewing tobacco and
  snuff.
• Chewing tobacco is coarsely chopped tobacco
  leaves that contain flavorings and additives much
  like the tobacco in cigarettes.

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Smokeless Tobacco

• Chewing tobacco is placed in the mouth and
  chewed.
• Nicotine enters the blood- stream through the
  lining of the mouth.
• Chewing creates brown-stained saliva that must be
  spit out often.
• Snuff is also put in the mouth, but it is a
  flavored powder. It is placed between the cheek
  and gum.

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Smokeless Tobacco

• Snuff doesnt need to be chewed for the nicotine
  to be absorbed into your body.
• If saliva from either chewing tobacco or snuff is
  swallowed, the user can become very sick.
• First-time users of these products often become
  nauseated and dizzy. Long-term effects include
  bad breath, yellowed teeth, and an increased risk
  of oral cancer.

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Other Tobacco Products

• pipe tobacco, cigars, and clove cigarettes are
  other common tobacco products that are smoked.
• The way that tobacco in pipes and cigars is
  processed allows the nicotine to be absorbed more
  easily than the nicotine from cigarettes is.
• Cigars can contain seven times more tar and four
  times more nicotine than cigarettes do.

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Bidis

• unfiltered cigarettes that are wrapped in tobacco
  leaves.
• Bidis are flavored to make them attractive to
  teens.
• With their high levels of nicotine, tar, and
  carbon monoxide, bidis may be more dangerous to
  your health than cigarettes are.

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Environmental Tobacco Smoke

• Smoke that comes from the tip of a lit cigarette
  and the smoke that is exhaled from a smokers
  mouth are called environmental tobacco smoke, or
  ETS.
• ETS is also called secondhand smoke. People who
  are around smokers breathe second-hand smoke and
  are sometimes called passive smokers.

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ETS

• Are the same chemicals that are found in the
  smoke inhaled by smokers are also found in ETS?
• Yes, sometimes in higher concentrations.
• Therefore, it is harmful to be near a person who
  is smoking even if you are not smoking.

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ETS

• Until recently, smoking was allowed in most
  public places, which exposed nonsmokers to ETS.
• More laws are now in place to protect nonsmokers.
  These laws may differ from state to state.
• Nonsmokers who breathe ETS are at risk for the
  same health problems that smokers are. And many
  of these nonsmokers will die each year from
  smoking- related illnesses.

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Tobacco Products, Disease, and Death

• Many of the effects of smoking can be reversed
  after a person quits.

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Respiratory Problems

• Shortness of breath and coughing are common signs
  of chronic respiratory disease which affects most
  smokers.
• A chronic disease is a disease that, once
  developed, is always present and will not go
  away.
• Two chronic respiratory diseases are chronic
  bronchitis and emphysema.

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Respiratory Problems

• Respiratory Problems continued
• Chronic bronchitis is a disease that causes the
  airways of the lungs to become irritated and
  swollen.
• This irritation causes the person to produce a
  lot of mucus in the lungs.
• As a result, the person coughs a lot.

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Respiratory Problems

• Emphysema destroys the tiny air sacs and the
  walls of the lung.
• The holes in the air sacs cannot heal.
• Eventually, the lung tissue dies, and the lungs
  can no longer work.

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Respiratory Problems

• Smoking causes most cases of chronic bronchitis
  and emphysema.
• Death from heart failure follows.
• Usually, the more cigarettes people smoke each
  day, the more serious the respiratory disease is.

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Cardiovascular Disease

• A disorder of the circulatory system.
• This type of disorder includes high blood
  pressure, heart disease, and stroke.
• These diseases prevent organs and limbs from
  getting the amount of blood they need.
• Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of
  death for adults in the United States.

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Cardiovascular Disease

• Smoking also damages the inside lining of the
  arteries.
• This damage allows solid material to build up
  inside the artery. Eventually, the artery becomes
  blocked.
• When the arteries that supply oxygen to the heart
  become blocked, a heart attack results.

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Cardiovascular Disease

• A stroke results when the arteries that supply
  blood to the brain become blocked.
• Blocked arteries that supply blood to limbs of
  the body can cause severe pain.
• Sometimes, the need for an amputation, which is
  the surgical removal of an arm or leg, can result
  from blocked arteries that can no longer supply
  blood to the arms or legs.

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Cancer

• Smoking causes cancer.
• Cancer is a disease in which damaged cells grow
  out of control.
• All tobacco products contain chemicals that cause
  cancer.
• Smoking can cause cancer of the bladder, kidneys,
  throat, mouth, and lung.

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Lung Cancer

• Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths
  among both men and women who smoke.
• Finding lung cancer early is difficult because it
  spreads very quickly.
• Symptoms usually don't appear until the disease
  is advanced.
• If a smoker quits, then the risk of cancer
  decreases. But it usually does not decrease to
  the level of someone who has never smoked.

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Mouth Cancer

• Smokeless tobacco causes cancers of the mouth,
  head, and neck.
• A person that uses smokeless tobacco has a higher
  risk of getting mouth cancer than a cigarette
  smoker does.
• Sores form in the mouth of one-half to
  three-quarters of smokeless tobacco users.

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Mouth Cancer

• These sores may develop into cancer.
• When the user quits, these sores can disappear.
• The risk of oral, or mouth cancer depends on how
  long and how much smokeless tobacco was used.

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Other Health Problems

• The following list contains more reasons to avoid
  tobacco products.
• Cigarette smokers catch the flu and colds more
  often. And they do not recover from them as
  quickly as nonsmokers do.
• Smokers take longer to heal from wounds and
  surgeries than nonsmokers do.
• All tobacco products increase the risk for gum
  and dental diseases.

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Other Health Problems

• Cigarette smoking has been associated with many
  eye diseases.
• Smoking can cause premature signs of aging. Smoke
  has negative effects on certain tissues in the
  skin, which causes premature wrinkling.

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Other Health Problems

• Smoking is harmful to a fetus. When a pregnant
  woman smokes, she is more likely to have a
  miscarriage.
• Babies born of mothers who smoked during
  pregnancy are often smaller and may suffer from
  health complications as well. These babies are
  also at a higher risk for sudden infant death
  syndrome, or SIDS.

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Social and Emotional Effects of Tobacco

• There are other consequences for smoking than
  health problems. For example, lying to family or
  friends, feeling weak about giving in to peer
  pressure, and sneaking around to avoid getting
  caught are just a few of the problems that teen
  smokers face.

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Breaking Rules

• Many states are writing new policies about
  tobacco use.
• For example, it is against the law to sell
  tobacco products to anyone under the age of 18.
  New Jersey law is 19 to possess or buy.
• Schools forbid smoking on school grounds and at
  school events.
• Most parents have their own rules regarding
  tobacco products.

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Social Strain

• When the use of tobacco causes awkward or risky
  situations and creates tension among family and
  friends.
• It is difficult for both parents and children to
  watch a loved one increase his or her chances of
  dying from a deadly disease. It is especially
  hard when that disease could have been prevented
  in the first place.
• Social strain also arises when pressure is placed
  on people to use tobacco even if they do not want
  to.

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Forming a Tobacco Addiction
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Nicotine The Addictive Drug

• Nicotine is a poisonous substance.
• After a person puffs on a cigarette, nicotine
  goes from the lungs into the bloodstream. It only
  takes seconds for the nicotine to reach the
  brain.
• Once in the brain, nicotine attaches to special
  structures on nerve cells.
• These structures are called receptors.

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Nicotine

• When nicotine attaches to these receptors,
  chemical messages are sent throughout the body.
• These messages cause your heart to beat faster
  and your blood pressure to rise.
• One way the brain responds to nicotine is by
  increasing the number of nicotine receptors in
  the brain.
• Therefore, tobacco users need more nicotine to
  fill these receptors.

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Addiction

• The body gradually becomes used to the nicotine
  and cannot feel normal without it.
• This is because using nicotine causes an
  addiction.
• Addiction is a condition in which a person can no
  longer control his or her need or desire for a
  drug.

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Addiction

• The more a substance is used, the more it is
  needed.
• People who try cigarettes are more likely to
  become addicted than people who try alcohol,
  cocaine, or heroin are.

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Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal

• Most long-time smokers smoke more cigarettes than
  beginning smokers do. This is because they have
  developed a tolerance to nicotine.
• Tolerance is a condition in which a user needs
  more of a drug to get the same effect. So,
  long-time smokers experience smaller and smaller
  effects, even with more cigarettes.

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Dependence

• As tolerance develops, smokers begin to feel more
  normal when using nicotine than when not using
  it.
• This is called physical dependence.
• Physical dependence on a drug is when the user
  relies on the drug to feel normal.

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Dependence

• A person can also be psychologically dependent on
  a drug.
• People who rely on tobacco products as an
  emotional crutch are psychologically dependent.

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Withdrawal

• If tobacco users have to go for a very long time
  without nicotine, they begin to feel sick,
  nervous, and irritable.
• These symptoms are examples of withdrawal.
• Withdrawal is the way in which the body responds
  when a dependent person stops using a drug.

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Withdrawal

• Withdrawal is the sign that a person has become
  physically dependent on tobacco products.
• Withdrawal usually includes uncomfortable
  physical and psychological symptoms.
• A major reason that it is hard for long- time
  smokers to quit smoking is the discomfort of
  withdrawal.

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Why People Use Tobacco

• Pressure from friends is one of the main reasons
  teens begin to smoke. Having to say no to your
  friends is very difficult to do. In this lesson,
  you will learn about different influences on
  teens and why some teens eventually give in to
  smoking.

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Influence from Others

• One of the most powerful forces comes from your
  peers.
• Peers are people of about the same age as you
  with whom you interact every day.
• Peer pressure is the feeling that you should do
  something because your friends want you to.

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Peer Pressure

• Influence from peers is one of the main reasons
  that teens first try cigarettes.
• Most teens smoke because they want to be accepted
  by their peers.
• And they want to experiment with an Adult
  activity.

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• Sadly, most teens do not think they will become
  addicted.
• Nor do teenagers believe that they will have any
  serious tobacco-related health problems.
• Studies show that most teen smokers wish they
  could quit. And quitting is just as difficult for
  adolescent smokers as it is for adult smokers.
  Because adolescents are still growing and
  developing, they can seriously hurt their bodies
  by smoking.

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The Power of Advertising

• Tobacco companies spend nearly 1.5 million an
  hour to advertise their products.
• Ads often use targeted marketing.
• Targeted marketing is advertising aimed at a
  particular group of people.
• Teenagers, sports fans, and outdoor enthusiasts
  are especially good targets.

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Advertising

• The ads make the companies products and brands
  appealing to people in these groups.
• For example, most cigarette ads show very
  attractive people doing something very exciting
  while smoking their brand of cigarettes.
• Laws have been passed to ban tobacco advertising
  on TV, on billboards, and in certain magazines.

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Feeling Tempted

• Peer pressure, family members who smoke,
  advertising, TV, and movies all influence your
  attitude about smoking. The movies and TV often
  make smoking look very glamorous.
• But remember, once people are addicted, the
  glamour of smoking quickly fades. Most smokers
  develop a nasty cough. And their clothes, hair,
  and breath smell of smoke.

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Quitting

• Most people who use tobacco products wish they
  didnt. Every year, about 70 percent of adult
  smokers say they want to quit. Of the 41 percent
  of all adult smokers who try to quit, only about
  4-5 percent of them are successful. By age 18,
  about two-thirds of teens who smoke say they
  regret having started smoking.

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Its Tough to Quit

• The younger a person is when they quit, the more
  that persons body can recover. Often, quitting
  takes several attempts.
• Once tobacco users quit using tobacco, withdrawal
  begins.
• They get headaches, become dizzy, have trouble
  sleeping, and get depressed. Withdrawal symptoms
  make it difficult to stay tobacco free.

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Quitting

• Some people crave tobacco products years after
  theyve quit. But quitting has major health
  benefits even if the person is already sick with
  a smoking-related disease.

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Tools That Can Help

• Some of the tools that can help people who want
  to stop smoking
• Support groups and counseling programs can
  provide encouragement for people who want to quit
  using tobacco.
• Nonprescription nicotine replacement therapy, or
  NRT, is a safe medicine that delivers a small
  amount of nicotine to the body.

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NRT

• Many withdrawal symptoms are caused by a lack of
  nicotine in the body, so NRT was developed to
  help ease the symptoms. Nonprescription NRT is
  available as nicotine gum, patches, and lozenges.

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Tools

• Prescription NRT can also help a person quit
  smoking. The latest prescription nicotine
  replacement therapies are nicotine inhalers and
  nicotine nasal sprays.
• Prescription medications that block nicotines
  actions in the brain are also helping people quit
  smoking.

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Tools

• Sometimes, a combination of more than one method
  will work. For example, some people may use the
  nicotine patch while going to a support group.
  The nicotine patch can help with the physical
  addiction.

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Relaxing Without Tobacco

• Hanging out with friends and enjoying life is
  much easier with- out tobacco. Its hard to relax
  and have fun when you know that youre breaking
  the law, becoming addicted to nicotine, and
  damaging your health as well as the health of
  others around you.

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Relaxing Without Tobacco

• Many everyday activities, such as playing sports,
  going to the movies, or shopping at the mall
  become a hassle when youre a tobacco user.
  Smokers often worry about what they will do in
  situations in which they cant smoke. It is
  difficult to travel on trains, buses, or planes
  now that smoking has been banned on them.

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Relaxing Without Tobacco

• Being addicted to nicotine means that if you
  dont get your nicotine fix you dont feel right.
  And that can be quite a problem. There are many
  times when you cant light up a cigarette or take
  a dip of snuff.

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Finding Healthy Habits

• Many teens are first offered tobacco during
  middle and high school. Many of these teens will
  try it, get hooked, and ultimately die because of
  it.
• Understanding the dangers of tobacco and being
  prepared to refuse tobacco are the best ways to
  ensure a healthy life.

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Choosing Not to Use Tobacco
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Refusing Tobacco

• Learning to say no can be a valuable tool. Your
  response could be a simple No or no, thanks.
  Or you could reply, smoking is too
  dangerous-especially if my parents find out!
• Whichever way you decide to handle the situation,
  dont feel that you have to explain why you
  refused or make excuses. And even if youve
  accepted tobacco in the past, you can still say
  no this time.

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Peer Pressure

• Positive peer pressure influences you to do
  something that benefits you. It is easier to stay
  tobacco free if none of your friends smoke.
• If your friends try to get you to smoke, they are
  using negative peer pressure. Negative peer
  pressure can harm you if you let it.

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A Tobacco-Free Life

• If you have never used tobacco, dont start!
• It is very easy to become addicted to nicotine.
  In fact, it is easier to become addicted to
  tobacco than to most other drugs.
• Using tobacco is deadly. Smoking is the leading
  preventable cause of death in the United States.

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A Tobacco-Free Life

• Tobacco makes your skin, hair, breath, and
  clothing smell bad. It also makes your teeth
  yellow.
• Tobacco in any form is expensive, and it is
  getting more expensive every day.Make a healthy
  choice to stay tobacco free. You wont regret it!