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1930

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Title: 1930


1
1930s and the Great Depression
2
For most of the 1920s there was a Bull Market
A bull market is when the stock market was doing
well and stock prices were rising
3
2 Problems with the stock market
  • Buying stocks on margin - buying stocks using
    credit, not cash.
  • Speculation - buying stocks in the hope of making
    a profit.

4
From 1929 1932 there was a Bear Market A
bear market is when the stock market was NOT
doing well and stock prices fell
5
STOCK MARKET CRASH
  • Everyone tried to sell their stocks and the
    stocks became worthless.
  • When the stock market crashed, people went to the
    banks to get their money, but it was gone.

6
Causes of the Great Depression
  • Each item below gets its own box on the Chart on
    Page 4
  • Installment buying and buying stocks on margin.
  • Banks loaned money without any to back it up, so
    when people went to get their savings out of the
    bank it was gone.
  • Overproduction of goods and crops. Factories and
    farmers were producing too much, driving down
    prices.

7
More Causes
  • Cycle of disaster businesses cant get loans
    from banks, so businesses cut wages, hours, and
    laid off workers workers dont have money to buy
    goods, so businesses went bankrupt.
  • US made large loans to Europe, but we had to stop
    giving loans, which caused Europes banks to
    close. The same cycle occurred overseas causing a
    worldwide depression.

8
Brainpop Causes of the Great Depression
  • http//www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/gr
    eatdepressioncauses/

9
The Dust Bowl
  • How were the black blizzards of the Dust Bowl
    Forms? Read paragraph below together for answer
    to 8,9,10, and 11
  • Severe drought hit the Great Plains from
    1931-1939. The black blizzards formed from the
    dry soil and 50 mph winds. They destroyed over
    5,000,000 acres of land. It ended when rain
    finally fell consistently and temperatures
    remained steady. During the Dust Bowl,
    temperatures changed 70 degrees in a matter of
    hours. In addition there were record highs of
    120 degrees and no rain for months. The Dust
    Bowl forced hundreds of farmers and their
    families to move west to California to start a
    new life.

10
  • Cyclic winds rolled up two miles high. This is
    Black Sunday April 14, 1935. This is the dust
    storm that turned day into night. Many believed
    the world was coming to an end.

11
Boise City, Oklahoma
  • Men, women children stayed in their houses and
    tied handkerchiefs over their noses and mouths.
    When they dared to leave, they added goggles to
    protect their eyes. Houses were shut tight, cloth
    was wedged in the cracks of the doors and windows
    but still the fine silt forced its way into
    houses, schools businesses.

12
A family from Oklahoma packed their belongings
and headed for California where they hoped to
find better soil and start a new life. These
migrant families were nicknamed Okies.
13
Herbert Hoover was President from 1928-1932.
  • 13 Herbert Hoover believed in a laissez faire
    government. He started some programs to help the
    US get out of the Great Depression, but they did
    not apply to the masses of people who were
    unemployed.
  • 14 Most people did not believe Hoover was doing
    enough, so the shacks that the poor people lived
    in were called Hoovervilles and the newspapers
    that people covered up with were called Hoover
    blankets.

14
Hooverville
15
(No Transcript)
16
  • Children stand near a sign and donation jar that
    reads HOOVERS POOR FARM TOBACCO FUND and
    another sign HARD TIMES ARE STILL HOOVERing
    OVER US.

17
Hooverville in Seattle, Washington
18
Residents of Seattle watch as the city of Seattle
burns their Hooverville to build a port. The
poor and unemployed used scraps to build homes on
vacant land.
19
Bread Line
20
Boys waiting for soup at a soup kitchen
21
Several men are competing for very few jobs.
22
16 WWI veterans nicknamed the bonus army
marched on Washington asking President Hoover to
give them their bonus early. They were to
receive it in 1945, but 60,000 veterans wanted it
in 1932 because of the depression. President
Hoover denied their request, but paid their
passage home by rail.
23
  • 17 People were fed up with the lack of results
    from Hoovers programs and Franklin Delano
    Roosevelt won a landslide victory in 1932.
    People were happy to see Roosevelts new programs
    started in his first 100 days in office. However
    not everyone was happy. Many republicans
    criticized FDRs approach to taking over
    businesses. This seemed too close to communism
    for some people. Congress didnt pass several of
    FDRs programs, but hundreds of others were still
    passed.
  • Lets Watch the Brainpop on FDR
  • http//www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/famoushistor
    icalfigures/franklindroosevelt/

24
Fireside Chats President Roosevelt spoke to the
American public over the radio. (19) Tonight,
(May 7, 1933) I come to you for the second time
to give you my report -- to tell you about what
we are doing and what we plan to do. (20)
  • Here are some examples of what FDR told people to
    make them feel better about their situation
  • Congress is about to pass legislation that will
    help homeowners and farmers pay their mortgage.
  • A grant of half a billion dollars is to be given
    to care for those who need direct and immediate
    relief.
  • Congress authorized the sale of beer in such
    states as desired. This has already resulted in
    job growth and has provided tax revenue.

25
FDRS NEW DEAL plan for getting the US out of
the Great Depression
  • SSA Social Security Act
  • TVA Tennessee Valley Authority
  • CCC Civilian Conservation Corporation
  • AAA Agricultural Adjustment Agency
  • FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
  • PWA Public Works Administration
  • SEC Securities and Exchange Commission
  • FERA Federal Emergency Relief Act

26
SSA
  • It provided pensions, unemployment insurance, and
    aid to the elderly and to the disabled.

27
TVA - Federal government built a series of dams
to prevent flooding, brought water supply and
electricity to rural areas. Pictures clockwise
- Dam built in Tennessee the sole water supply
of this section of Wilder, Tennessee electricity
for the barnyard new electric stove in kitchen
in rural Tennessee
28
CCC - Sent 250,000 young men to work camps to
perform reforestation and conservation tasks.
Removed surplus of workers from cities, provided
healthy conditions for boys, and provided money
for families

29
AAA
  • Protected farmers from price drops by reducing
    production, and starting educational programs to
    teach methods of preventing soil erosion.

30
FDIC
  • Created federally insured bank deposits (2500
    per investor at first) to prevent bank failures.
    Now protects up to 100,000 per investor.

31
PWA
  • Workers are constructing a new
  • high school
  • States received 3.3 billion appropriation from
    Congress for public works projects.

32
SEC
  • Regulated the stock market and restricted margin
    buying.

33
FERA
  • Distributed millions of dollars of direct aid to
    unemployed workers, including food, clothing,
    shelter, and skills training.
  • Top picture shows children wearing new clothes
    made by mothers who learned to use sewing
    machines.
  • Bottom picture shows a garden project where
    people work planting food and take home what they
    have produced

34
FDRs New Deal programs helped relieve some
problems by giving people jobs, food, and
shelter. It reformed some problems, such as the
banking system (FDIC) and pay for the elderly and
handicapped (SSA). However it did NOT recover
Americas economy from a depression. The SEC,
SSA, and FDIC were so important that they still
exist today.
35
Producing goods for WWII is what pulled the US
out of the Great Depression.
  • Women welders discuss the production of B-25
    ("Billy Mitchell") bombers and P-51 ("Mustang")
    fighter planes.
  • Men and women work side-by-side building bomber
    planes at a factory in Michigan.

36
Popular movies of the 1930sGone with the Wind,
Snow White, Wizard of Oz, and King Kong
37
Legends and heroes of the 1930s Jesse Owens,
Joe DiMaggio, and Amelia Earhart
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