America%20Moves%20to%20the%20City

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Chapter 25

• America Moves to the City

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What Is Life Like Good Side

• 1870 1900 Population doubled and in Cities it
  tripled
• Sky Scrapers (Lois Sullivan-Form follows
  function) were being built (1st in Chicago 1885)
  10 stories
• Electric Trolleys
• 1st Subway by 1900 in Boston
• Women could make more money
• Electricity, Indoor Plumbing, Telephones
• Departments Stores like
• Maceys (New York
• Marshall Fields (Chicago)

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• Brooklyn Bridge 1883 (13yrs to build)

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Bad Side of City Life

• Lots of trash
• Brought about Consumerism
• Criminals were every where
• Impure Water
• Animal Poop was dropped everywhere
• Uncollected garbage
• NO Sewage system (thrown out on the street)
• Unwashed bodies
• Worst of all were the SLUMS (1879 Dumbbell
  tenement)

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• 7-8 Stories High
• Air shafts prov. Little clean air
• 1 toilet per floor
• Many people try to work there way up out of
  them

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• "The Great Fire at Chicago 1871
• What is arguably the most famous disaster in
  American history began around 9 p.m. on Sunday
  evening, October 8, and did not end until early
  Tuesday morning. Although the fire originated on
  the Near West Side, it soon leaped across the
  South and then the main branch of the river,
  driven by a strong wind from the southwest. The
  overmatched and exhausted fire department, which
  had finally put out a major blaze only hours
  before, was helpless to stop it. All local
  residents could do was grab a few precious
  possessions and flee for their lives. By the time
  the fire burned itself out, the downtown and most
  of the North Side lay in ashes.

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• 90,000 homeless
• 15,000 buildings destroyed
• Cities were DANGEROUS

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New Immigrants

• Back in the 1850s most came from British Isles
  Western Europe (knowledge of Rep Gov), very
  literate
• New Immigrants were from Baltic Slavic, Jews,
  Italians
• Southeastern Europe, not educated, un-democratic
  
• By 1900s these immigrants made up 60

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Hmmmmm . . . . .

• Does this sound like a Melting pot or A Dumping
  ground?

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erican-dream.html
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Why America?

• No room in Europe
• No Employment
• Some were Persecuted aka the Jews
• They thought America had plenty of food (3 meals
  a day)
• Really Americans lied to get cheap labor more
  money
• Many new immigrants stayed for a short time then
  went back home after making money
• Most children of immigrants plunged into American
  life

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Reactions to the Immigrants

• Jane Adams Hull House 1889 (Taught children
  Adults) English, Counseling, Child Care, Cultural
  Activities
• Won Nobel peace price 1931
• Preachers Walter Rauschenbusch Washington
  Gladden Social gospel
• Churches should step up help (Christian
  Socialists)
• Federal Govt. did little to help
• Boss Tweed Scandal?

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• Lillian Walds Henry Street Settlement New York
  1893, like Hull House
• Florence Kelly fought for women workers and
  against child labor

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Jane Addams Hull House
Florence Kelly
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Nativists

• Old Immigrants from the 1840s and 1820s ?
• Did not want mixing of blood (ruin the Anglo
  Saxon Race)
• New Immigrants were hated simply put
• Work for low wages
• Dangerous doctrines like socialism and communism
• APA American Protective Association
  (Anti-Foreign Organizations) Anti Catholic Nuns
  
• So 1882 Congress decides to ban all paupers,
  criminals, convicts from coming here
• 1917 Literacy tests were passed for immigrants
• 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act

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Ironic that in 1886 we get her from France . . .
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Engraved on the Statue of Liberty

• Give me your tired, your poor
• Your Huddled masses yearning to breathe free
• The Wretched refuse of your teeming shore

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Satan Winning the Battle

• YMCA and YWCA also was created
• Salvation Army was born trying to help the poor
• By 1890 over 150 Religions to choose from
• Churches were not doing their job (poverty)
• Dwight Lyman Moody kindness forgiveness
• Founded Moody Bible Institute Chicago 1890
• Mary Eddy Baker Preached a form of Christianity
  that could heal sick people

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Lust for Learning Education

• 1859 Charles Darwin Origin of Species
• Modernists jumped on this bandwagon and refuse to
  believe the Bible was factual (just some moral
  stories)
• Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll denounced creationism
  
• Many people combined the new and old religions to
  form their own

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• Education taxpayers start paying for textbooks
• 1900 6,000 high schools
• Catholic schools are becoming popular
• Chautauqua movement 1874 help educate through
  public lectures and famous writers, at home
  studies
• Some school compulsory laws enacted by 1870
• Education way out of poverty

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Booker T Washington

• Ex Slave
• Founded the Tuskegee Industrial School for Black
  Americans
• Believed for blacks education was the 1st step
  before gaining more rights
• George Washington Carver one of his students
  famous chemist (peanuts, soybeans, sweet
  potatoes)
• Shampoo

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Booker T. Washingtons Atlanta Compromise Speech
To those of my race who depend on bettering
their condition in a foreign land, or who
underestimate the importance of preservating
friendly relations with the southern white man
who is their next door neighbor, I would say
Cast down your bucket where you are. Cast it
down, making friends in every manly way of the
people of all races, by whom you are surrounded.
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W. E. B. Du Bois

• 1st Black to get a PHD from Harvard
• Demanded complete equality
• Rejected BTW ideas
• Founded the NAACP in 1910

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Colleges for Everyone . . . . Morril Act 1862
Gave Public Lands for Education

• Women
• Vassar in NY
• Both Genders
• Mainly in the Midwest
• Black colleges
• Howard University in D.C.
• Atlanta University
• Hampton Institute in VA
• John Hopkins- Baltimore
• 1st high-grade grad. school

• Morrill Act of 1862
• Grants of public lands to states for education
• Hatch Act of 1887
• Fed. Funds for ag. at land-grant colleges
• Private donation colleges
• Cornel University- Ezra Cornell and Andrew White
• Stanford University- Leland Stanford Jr.
• University of Chicago Rockefeller

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Moves in Medicine and Science

• Medical Schools and Science prosper
• Antiseptics
• Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister (Listerine Mouth
  Wash)
• Development of Psychology
• William James
• Pragmatism Truth should be tested by its
  practical consq.

William James
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Libraries

• Library of Congress
• Opens in 1800
• 13 acres of floor space
• Andrew Carnegie
• Donates 60 million to public libraries

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Journalism

• Linotype 1885
• Press keeps pace with demand
• Sparked yellow journalism
• Journalistic tycoons
• Sex Scandals
• Joseph Pulitzer
• New York World
• William Randoph Herst
• San Francisco Examiner
• Henry George Progress Poverty

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New Morality

• Victoria Woodhull 1871 Free Love
• Printed Propaganda (Henry Ward Beecher had an
  affair)
• Women headed to Dance halls, clubs,Bith Control
• Anthony Comstock fought a/g the New Morality
  Comstock Law made it illegal to send lewd or
  sexual pictures through the mail Confiscated
• Obscene Pics, abortion pills,
• Soaring Divorce Rates, Frank Discussions on Sex

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Women

• NAWSA 1890 National American Woman Suffrage
  Association
• Founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B.
  Anthony
• Main arg. For getting the vote was Women needed
  this in order to continue to discharge their
  traditional duties as homemakers moms in the
  public world city (NOT b/c men women were
  equal)
• WCTU 1874 (Women Chrisian Temperance Union

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Writers

• Stephen Crane
• Maggie Girl of the Street (Hooker)
• Henry James
• Daisy Miller and Portrait of a Lady
• Jack London
• The Call of the Wild, White Fang, and The Iron
  Heel
• Frank Norris
• The Octopus
• Paul Laurence Dunbar

Jack London
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Post War Writing Realism

• General Lewis Wallace
• Ben Hur
• Combat beliefs of Darwinism
• Walt Whitman
• Leaves of Grass
• Emily Dickinson
• Famed hermit poet
• Kate Chopin
• The Awakening
• Mark Twain
• Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Mark Twain
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Entertainment

• Circus (Barnum Bailey)
• Wild West Shows
• Base ball invented before the Civil War emerges
  as Americas Past Time by 1900
• Basketball invented 1891
• Football 1889
• Now respected was Boxing

• 2 Fades Croquet Bicycle