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Title: Thematic PowerPoint 1 (music)


1
Thematic PowerPoint 1 (music)
  • Garrett Moler

2
Music of the Native Americans
  • Music does not change from simple to complex
  • Native American music was once a way to
    communicate with the spiritual realm and bringing
    aid of supernatural power
  • Music is a fundamental part of native American
    culture and can be seen in almost everything they
    do
  • Songs from one region are very different from
    songs with another region
  • The music is very different than the Europeans
    which led them to believe it was absent of
    structure and melody
  • Indian music is not divided by genre but rather
    is accepted by what part in your life it plays
  • Children were often taught through music with a
    repeated theme in songs
  • In the Indian world songs are a tribes or single
    persons property

3
Music of the Native Americans Cont.
  • As property songs can be given as gifts and the
    right to use a song may be obtained by giving
    gifts to the owner
  • Songs rarely have titles in native American music
  • In Indian culture there are no professional
    artists or musicians they weave art and music in
    their lives so well these are unnecessary
  • The ability of thinking of songs and bringing
    them to the people was seen as a spiritual gift
    rather than artistic
  • Use of harmony or polyphony is rare in native
    American music
  • Words in music are much less important than the
    actual music
  • Percussion instruments are the most common type
    in native American music
  • Wind instruments are also used in native American
    music with the most common being the flute
  • When Indian songs are written in European time
    signature they change time almost every measure

4
European Music in the Early Americas
  • In the dark ages European music consisted of
    chants of religious purpose
  • As the renaissance began the idea of harmony in
    Europe was developed
  • The jump from chants to advanced polyphonies was
    a giant leap for music of the era
  • Music became a structure of notes based on
    arithmetic proportion
  • Composers such as Dowland, Murray, and Tomkins
    produced wonderful melodies and poetry to
    accompany them
  • A common theme of music in the 1500s was
    exploration of form
  • The major chord as the basis for music was also
    developed in this era

5
European Music in the Early Americas Cont.
  • From 1600-1750 music went into a baroque era
  • Baroque literally translates to bizarre
  • Italy was the center of these musical movements
  • Introduced more complicated melodies and
    polyphonies
  • Music now ran on the same basis major and minor
    scales
  • Great composers such as bach wrote in the baroque
    style
  • The new dominance of melody within harmony also
    led to many new changes
  • The keyboard was extended in both directions and
    the production of stringed instruments rapidly
    increased
  • Not until the 18th century did the classical
    music era begin

6
West African Music
  • Like Indian music it relied heavily on percussion
    instruments
  • Music was used in a religious sense and was often
    accompanied by dancing
  • The use of the voice and chanting is widely used
    in west African music
  • Along with percussion instruments string and
    wind instruments are used
  • Popular among traditional south African music is
    the harp such as the kola
  • Wind instruments such as flutes are used for
    melody
  • Kosikas, rainsticks, bells, and whistles were all
    used to add to the music
  • Africans told childhood stories and lullabies in
    musical form like the Indians did
  • Music was an integral part to the west Africans
    culture
  • West African music is slightly different than
    that of other areas in Africa
  • Wandering musicians and praise singers were found
    throughout west Africa
  • African music eventually evolved in the Americas
    and gave us the popular styles of jazz and the
    blues

7
Music of the Revolution
  • The revolution inspired only a handful of new
    musical compositions
  • James Fulds book of world famous music only
    lists three songs to come from the revolutionary
    period
  • British Grenadiers
  • God Save the King
  • Yankee Doodle
  • Americans often changed the verses of well known
    music to fit their own lyrics and not composing
    their own music
  • Music of the time
  • The music of the time that was considered
    popular is difficult to the twenty first
    century listener to understand
  • Unlike music of today music in eighteenth century
    America was not written for concert performance
  • Concert music of the time had dynamics and was
    meant to make a paying audience feel a certain
    way
  • Music of the revolution was more functional than
    artistic

8
Music of the Revolution Cont.
  • William Billings (1746-1800)
  • The New England Psalm Singer in 1770 was the
    first full collection of American music written
    by Billings
  • Contained 126 pieces
  • Billings was a Boston Tanner who cared about
    music of the period
  • Billings s aw psalmody as an art and himself as
    an artist and was one of the first Americans to
    do so
  • American Psalmody
  • Took on a different style than British psalmody
  • Most European music and Billings of the time was
    accompanied with a piano piece that set order and
    governess to the piece
  • Francis Hopkinson
  • The only native born American musician in the
    colonies that we know of before the revolution
    who can be called a composer of secular music
  • Began to study harpsichord at age 17
  • Could play popular European music of the time but
    wrote few pieces himself
  • Hopkinson attained a level of skill not matched
    by the Americans of his generation
  • The need to master complex tonal harmony and
    attain keyboard skill made very few native born
    Americans capable of writing secular music
    comparable to their European counterparts

9
Music of the Revolution Cont.
  • Songsters
  • Music of the time relied on text and tunes
    independent from one another
  • Songsters were books of the time with printed
    lyrics and the name of a melody to which they
    were sung too
  • Most Americans knew popular melodies of British
    theatre and Psalmody tunes
  • Words would simply be replaced and put into the
    same melody
  • The idea of musical creativity barely existed in
    the colonies
  • Instruments and instrumental music
  • Most instrumental music was for solo instruments
  • Popular instruments in the colonies
  • Violin
  • Fife
  • Flute
  • No instrumental tutors existed in the colonies at
    the time
  • To play the instruments you had to be essentially
    self taught

10
Military Field Music
  • Military Field Music The United States
  • European military instruments were brought to the
    new world and used very similarly
  • As militias formed in towns drummers played an
    important role of summoning men to take up arms
    in rural areas
  • Revolutionary War drummers and fifers were often
    used to signal to the soldiers when to fire
  • Drums
  • Were an important part to the military unit
  • Often decorated with emblems signifying a company

11
The Music of George Washingtons Time
  • Ballads, operas, and musical evenings in the home
    were frequent in the principal cities from 1750
    on
  • Music in New England
  • At first the puritans allowed no musical
    instruments
  • Only allowed music that was to praise god
  • Quakers advised members not to dance or listen to
    music
  • In New York and the South music division was more
    welcome and accepted
  • To our knowledge there were no native born
    composers until Francis Hopkinson (1737-1791)

12
The Music of George Washingtons Time Cont.
  • After the appearance of these three more native
    composers appeared but none did something that
    could be considered great
  • Moravian Colony
  • Settled in 1741 in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
  • Enjoyed music unknown to the rest of America
  • Germans who brought their love of music with them
  • Their orchestras and choruses reproduced music
    worthy of the masters
  • When Washington visited Bethlehem in 1782 he was
    serenaded by the trombone choir
  • Sadly their culture had little effect on the rest
    of America
  • After the revolution
  • Foreign musicians came to our shores
  • Especially during the time of the French
    revolution they came in mass quantity
  • These immigrants took our musical life in their
    hands
  • They stifled attempts at native music because the
    more experienced European musicians took
    Americans spots in concerts
  • Most of these musicians were English, French and
    German

13
Early Concerts
  • The first public concert in America was held in
    Boston
  • It was held in 1731 when the new England ban of
    secular music was beginning to be lowered
  • Named a Concert of Music on sundry Instruments
  • Was held in the great room at Mr. Pelhams
  • by 1754 there was a concert hall at the corner of
    Hanover and Court Streets
  • After Boston Charleston South Carolina was the
    next city to see a concert venue built
  • Then came New York
  • 1736 there was advertised a "Consort of Musick,
    Vocal and Instrumental
  • for the benefit of Mr. Pachelbel, the Harpsichord
    Part performed by Himself
  • Philadelphia heard its first advertised concert
    in 1757
  • John Palma offered an affair "at the Assembly
    Room in Lodge Alley", January 25th
  • It seems there were concerts before this one in
    Philadelphia that werent on record
  • Philadelphias population, besides the Quakers
    were fond of entertainment
  • Dancing was taught in boarding schools as early
    as 1728
  • During the interval of the revolution congress
    passed a resolution to discourage every species
    of extravagance and dissipation in 1774

14
Early Concerts Cont.
  • Concerts were offered regularly in the principal
    cities after the revolution
  • Many pieces of the time have been lost
  • Handel, Haydn, and, in the closing years of the
    century, Mozart, were well represented in
    concerts of the era
  • the overtures of the London Bach - Johann
    Christian (son of Johann Sebastian), were played
    often
  • typical programs of the period offered a variety
    of compositions

15
Important People
  • Arcangelo Corelli (1653-1713) - An Italian
    composer and violinist who exercised wide
    influence on contemporaries. Born in Italy a
    generation before Bach he studied in Bologna and
    formed a distinguished musical career. He can be
    seen as a teacher, violinist, and composer
  •  
  • John Dunstaple (1390-1453) An English composer
    of polyphonic music in the renaissance era.
    Unlike many composers of the time he was not a
    cleric.
  •  

16
Important People Cont.
  • James Lyon(1735-1794)- Compiled Urania, a large
    collection of sacred music, and published it in
    1761. James Lyon was one of the First American
    musicians. Urania is far larger than any previous
    American music compilation. James Lyon helped
    develop American Psalmody, one of the first
    styles of music manipulated in America.
  • John Arnold(1741-1777)- Wrote Compleat Psalmodist
    which dealt with distinguishing musical intervals
    as consonant or dissonant. Americans took his
    work literally and the hierarchical ordering of
    harmonies was lost. This peeled away important
    layers of British tradition and caused Americans
    to write music in their own unique style.

17
Important People Cont.
  • Francis Hopkinson (1737-1791)-Americas first
    native composer
  • William Billings (1746-1800)-writer of the New
    England Psalm singer and one of the first
    original American composers

18
Definitions
  • Baroque- musical period following the renaissance
    from 1600-1750
  • Kola- traditional West African harp
  • Harmony- a simultaneous combination of notes
  • Polyphony- a piece utilizing many styles of sound
  • Melody- musical sound in agreeable succession

19
Definitions Cont.
  • Psalmody- popular pre-revolution music which
    merged music and psalms of the bible
  • Songsters- books in the 18th century that took
    popular melodies and applied different lyrics to
    them
  • Consonant- musical intervals deemed acceptable in
    traditional British musical structure
  • Dissonant- Musical intervals deemed unacceptable
    in traditional British musical verse and
    structure
  • Harpsichord- musical instrument played by means
    of a keyboard that produces a sound by plucking a
    string when a key is pressed

20
Definitions Cont.
  • Sonata- a composition of two or more instruments,
    typically in three or four movements
  • Suite- an ordered series of instrumental dances
    generally in the same key
  • Minuet- a slow dance in triple meter, popular in
    the 17th and 18th centuries
  • Overture- musical prelude to an opera, etc.
  • Finale- the last piece of an opera etc.

21
Quiz
  • 1. Why were the Europeans so perplexed by Native
    American music?
  • A. It lacked structure and melody
  • B. It possessed complex polyphony
  • C. The use of many instruments led them to
    misinterpret the music
  • D. Europeans possessed little musical knowledge
  • 2.How were West African and Native American music
    similar?
  • A. They used string instruments
  • B. They used complex lyrics
  • C. Both used many percussion instruments
  • D. West African and Native American music was
    not similar
  • 3. Name one traditional West African instrument
  • A. Guitar
  • B. The rattle
  • C. The violin
  • D. The kola
  • 4. In Native American culture who owned music?
  • A. The chief
  • B. The person who paid the musician
  • C. The child of the musician

22
Quiz Cont.
  • 5. When was the Baroque era?
  • A. 1300-1400
  • B. 1400-1500
  • C. 1500-1600
  • D. 1600-1750
  • 6. How were West African and Native American
    music different?
  • A. One used string instruments more than the
    other
  • B. The use of drums was only applied in West
    African music
  • C. Only native American music used the flute
  • D. West African music and Native American music
    was similar in every way
  • 7. What often accompanied traditional West Africa
    Music?
  • A. Poetry
  • B. Complex lyrics
  • C. Dance
  • D. A celebration
  • 8. In Europe when did music become structured
    based on arithmetic proportion?
  • A. In the medieval era
  • B. During the renaissance
  • C. The period between the renaissance and
    baroque era

23
Quiz Cont.
  • 10. What styles emerged from West African music
    in the Americas?
  • A. Classical
  • B. Jazz
  • C. Blues
  • D. Both B and C
  •  

24
Quiz Answer Key
  • 1. A
  • 2. C
  • 3. D
  • 4. D
  • 5. D
  • 6. C
  • 7. C
  • 8. C
  • 9. D
  • 10. D

25
Quiz 2
  • 1. Music of the Revolution
  • A. Produced prolific creativity and new
    composers
  • B. Did not veer away from British music at all
  • C. Produced a handful of original American tunes
  • D. Music was not important to the lives of
    Americans at the time
  • 2. Three original revolutionary songs include
  • A. British Grenadiers
  • B. God Save the King
  • C. Yankee Doodle
  • D. All of the above
  • 3. Music of the pre- revolutionary time period
    was written to
  • A. Serve as functional
  • B. Be listened to
  • C. Be performed at a concert
  • D. Music was not present in America at the time
  • 4. How was music passed on during this time
    period?
  • A. Oral tradition
  • B. Few printed books
  • C. Sheet music

26
Quiz 2 Cont.
  • 5. William Billings Wrote
  • A. Symphony 40 in B minor
  • B. The New England Psalm Singer
  • C. Handbook for the Modern American Psalmody
    Composer
  • D. Compilation of Modern American music
  • 6. American Psalmody
  • A. Was identical to that of British psalmody
  • B. Possessed random note structure
  • C. Was taken from British psalmody but possessed
    different qualities
  • D. Was all written to be played on a keyboard
  • 7. The only native born American musician in the
    colonies that we know of before the revolution
    who can be called a composer of secular music
    was?
  • A. William Billings
  • B. James Lyon
  • C. John Arnold
  • D. Francis Hopkinson
  • 8. Songsters applied the use of the same
    structure with different lyrics
  • A. Melodic
  • B. Note
  • C. Time

27
Quiz 2 Cont.
  • 10. Each regiment in the British and American
    Army possessed
  • A. Two fifers and two drummers
  • B. 200 soldiers
  • C. Only one drummer
  • D. An officer for every 10 soldiers

28
Quiz 2 Answer Key
  1. C
  2. D
  3. A
  4. D
  5. B
  6. C
  7. D
  8. A
  9. D
  10. A

29
Quiz 3
  • 1. Military drummers were used to
  • A. Call soldiers to arms
  • B. Signal troops to fire
  • C. Amuse soldiers
  • D. Both A and B
  • 2. The following were popular in the home from
    1750 on
  • A. Ballads
  • B. Operas
  • C. Musical evening
  • D. All of the above
  • 3. Quakers
  • A. Supported musical creativity
  • B. Had a wide variety of composers
  • C. Did not support their followers listening to
    music
  • D. Never heard music
  • 4. The first manuscript of Hopkinsons bears the
    date
  • A. 1756
  • B. 1759
  • C. 1761

30
Quiz 3 Cont.
  • 5. The Moravian colony was made up of
  • A. English
  • B. Germans
  • C. French
  • D. Spanish
  • 6. After the revolution
  • A. Musical creativity went stagnant
  • B. Many European composers came to America
  • C. American composers were greatly influential
  • D. Continental congressed banned concerts for 3
    years
  • 7. The first public American concert was held in
  • A. Philadelphia
  • B. New York
  • C. Boston
  • D. Charleston
  • 8. The first public concert was held in the year
  • A. 1731
  • B. 1733
  • C. 1735

31
Quiz 3 Cont.
  • 10. A composer popular in concerts of the time
  • A. Handel
  • B. Haydn
  • C. Mozart
  • D. All of the above

32
Quiz 3 Answer Key
  • D
  • D
  • C
  • B
  • B
  • B
  • A
  • A
  • B
  • D

33
Referances
  • Crawford, Richard. (1996). The birth of liberty
    music of the revolution. Retrieved from
    http//www.dramonline.org/content/notes/nwr/80276.
  • Tasker, J. (n.d.). Music of washingtons time.
    Retrieved from http//www.americanrevolution.org/w
    ashingtonsmusic.html

34
References Cont.
  • Native american music. (2000). Retrieved from
    http//nativeamericancultures.com/music.htm
  • Charry, E. (n.d.). West african music. Retrieved
    from http//echarry.web.wesleyan.edu/Afmus.html
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