All about Cells

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All about Cells
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Photosynthesis
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Respiration
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Cell Division
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Molecular Genetics
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Evolution and Classification
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All about cells
photosynthesis
respiration
Cell Division
Molecular Genetics
Evolution And classification
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Double Jeopardy!
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Cells
This cell has no nucleus or other internal
membranes
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Cells
What is a prokaryotic cell
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Cells
This is where components of ribosomes are
synthesized and is not membrane-bound
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Cells
What is the nucleolus
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Cells
These type of plant cells have very thick cell
walls fortified with lignin. They make up tough
seed coats and give pears their gritty texture
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Cells
What are sclereids
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Cells
These type of cells aid in our immune system
response by ingesting the invading microbes
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Cells
What are phagocytes
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Cells
These serve as anchors for filaments and rivet
cells together
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Cells
What are desmosomes
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Photosynthesis
This is the cyclical process that produces the 3
carbon sugar phosphoglyceraldehyde
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Photosynthesis
What is the Calvin Cycle
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Photosynthesis
In this photosystem, energy is absorbed by P680
and electrons that are captured by the primary
electron receptors are replaced by water
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Photosynthesis
What is Photosystem II
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Photosynthesis
 
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Photosynthesis
What is photorespiration
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Photosynthesis
Protons that were released from water during
photolysis are pumped by the thylakoid membrane
from the stroma into this
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Photosynthesis
What is the thylakoid space or lumen
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Photosynthesis
 
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Photosynthesis
What is C-4 photosynthesis
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Respiration
This process breaks down 1 molecule of glucose
into pyruvate And can be modeled as such 2 ATP
1 Glucose 2 Pyruvate 4 ATP
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Respiration
What is Glycolysis
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Respiration
 
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Respiration
What is (alcohol) fermentation
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Respiration
During the Krebs cycle ATP is produced by this,
a direct enzymatic transfer of phosphate to ADP
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Respiration
What is substrate level phosphorylation
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Respiration
These are coenzymes that carry protons or
electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to
the electron transport chain
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Respiration
 
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Respiration
This process uses potential energy stored in the
form of a proton gradient to phosphorylate ADP
and produce ATP
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Respiration
What is chemiosmosis
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Cell Division
In this phase of mitosis chromosomes cluster at
opposite ends of the cells and the nuclear
membrane reforms
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Cell Division
What is telephase
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Cell Division
In animal cells this forms down the middle of the
cell as actin and myosin microfilaments pinch the
cytoplasm
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Cell Division
What is a cleavage furrow
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Cell Division
The timing of cell division is controlled by two
kinds of molecules cyclins and these (an example
of one is MPF)
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Cell Division
What are cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
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Cell Division
This occurs in prophase I of meiosis it is when
each chromosome pairs up with its homologue and
forms a tetrad
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Cell Division
What is synapsis
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Cell Division
In the following figure this phase is known as
the restriction point either allowing cell
division or restricting it
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Cell Division
 
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Molecular Genetics
This is the process by which the codons of an
mRNA sequence are changed into an amino acid
sequence
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Molecular Genetics
What is translation
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Molecular Genetics
The noncoding regions of the mRNA (introns) are
removed by these two things allowing only exons
to leave the nucleus
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Molecular Genetics
What are snRNPs and splicesomes
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Molecular Genetics
In DNA replication the lagging strand forms in
the direction away from the replication fork in a
series of segments called these
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Molecular Genetics
What are Okazaki fragments
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Molecular Genetics
When point mutations or frameshifts change a
codon within a gene into a stop codon,
translation will be altered into this mutation
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Molecular Genetics
What is a missense/nonsense mutation
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Molecular Genetics
To protect against the possible loss of genes at
the ends of the chromosomes, eukaryotes have
special nonsense nucleotide sequences called these
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Molecular Genetics
What are telomeres
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Evolution Classification
The three-domain system is based on DNA analysis,
and organizes life into these three domains
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Evolution Classification
What are Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya
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Evolution Classification
This theory states that eukaryotic cells emerged
when mitochondria and chloroplast resided inside
other larger cells
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Evolution Classification
What is the theory of endosymbiosis
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Evolution Classification
This phyla has no symmetry, are sessile, filter
nutrients through a central cavity and have no
true tissues or organs
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Evolution Classification
What is porifera
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Evolution Classification
Used in comparative anatomy, these structures,
such as the appendix, are evidence that they have
evolved
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Evolution Classification
What are vestigial structures
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Evolution Classification
This is the phenomenon in which the hybrid
individual is selected for because it has greater
reproductive success (as is the case with sickle
cell amnemia)
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Evolution Classification
What is heterozygote advantage
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Double Jeopardy!!!
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Plant Systems
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Animal Systems
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Ecology
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Labs
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Biotechnology
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Things We Didnt Cover
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Plant Systems
Animal Systems
Ecology
Labs
Biotechnology
Things we Didnt cover
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Final Jeopardy!
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Plant Systems
These are non- vascular plants. Examples include
mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
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Plant Systems
What are Bryophytes
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Plant Systems
This type of tissue covers and protects the
plants. It includes the epidermis, guard cells
and root hairs
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Plant Systems
What is Dermal tissue
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Plant Systems
This theory states that for each molecule of
water that evaporates from the leaf, by
transpiration, another molecule of water is drawn
in at the root to replace it
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Plant Systems
What is the transpirational pull/ cohesion
tension theory
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Plant Systems
This plant hormone enhances apical dominance and
stimulates stem elongation and growth by
softening the cell wall
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Plant Systems
What is Auxin
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Plant Systems
This is the food for the growing embryo and
consists of the hypocotyl, epicotyl and radicle.
It is one of the byproducts of double
fertilization.
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Plant Systems
What is an endosperm or cotyledon
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Animal Systems
These type of cells mature in the bone marrow and
fights disease by producing antibodies in a
humoral response
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Animal Systems
What are B lymphocytes
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Animal Systems
This hormone stimulates uterine lining, and
promotes development and maintenance of primary
and secondary female characteristics
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Animal Systems
What is estrogen
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Animal Systems
These type of blood vessels allow for diffusion
of nutrients and waste between cells and blood
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Animal Systems
What are capillaries
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Animal Systems
This hormone is made in the small intestine and
stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate in
order to neutralize acid in the duodenum
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Animal Systems
What is secretin
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Animal Systems
A twitch is when a muscle receives a brief
contraction. If summation occurs and the rate of
stimulation is fast enough the twitches will blur
into a smooth, sustained contraction called this
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Animal Systems
What is tetanus
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Ecology
This survivorship curve shows organisms with low
death rates in young and high mortality in old
age. Characterized by increased parenting.
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Ecology
What is a Type 1 curve
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Ecology
These limiting factors include competition for
food, buildup of waste, predation and disease
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Ecology
What are density-dependent factors
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Ecology
This process is the result of runoff from sewage
and manure from pastures which leads to an
increase in nutrients in lakes and causes
excessive growth of algae and plants
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Ecology
What is eutrophication
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Ecology
This happens if two species inhabit the same
niche and compete for the same resources and one
species evolves to exploit different resources
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Ecology
What is resource partitioning
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Ecology
This biome has rich soil, and is characterized by
trees that drop their leaves in winter
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Ecology
What is a temperate deciduous forest
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Labs
In the transpiration lab we learned that
increasing humidity did this to transpiration
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Labs
What is decrease (transpiration)
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Labs
In the molecular biology lab this agar plate
showed no growth of the bacteria
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Labs
What is the LB/amp-plasmid
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Labs
In the photo below this phase is being shown. As
we learned in the mitosis lab
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Labs
What is anaphase
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Labs
In the enzyme catalysis lab we learned that high
heat and an abnormal pH does this to the enzyme
catalase
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Labs
What is denatures (the enzyme)
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Labs
In the gel electrophoresis lab samples were
placed into the wells of an agarose gel and drawn
from this end to this end
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Labs
What is the cathode end to the anode end
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Biotechology
This technique separates large molecules of DNA
on the basis of their rate of movement through an
agarose gel in an electric field
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Biotechology
What is a gel electrophoresis
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Biotechology
This is a radioactively labeled single strand of
nucleic acid molecule used to tag a specific
sequence in a DNA sample
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Biotechology
What is a DNA probe
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Biotechology
This is a cell free, automated technique by which
a piece of DNA can be rapidly copied or amplified
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Biotechology
What is a PCR
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Biotechology
In order to rid of introns scientist create this
by extracting mRNA from cells and then using
reverse transcriptase to make a DNA transcript
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Biotechology
What is cDNA
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Biotechology
Because of the accuracy of this technique it is
commonly used in paternity suits. The given DNA
fingerprint from this is a result of every
persons unique arrangement of noncoding regions
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Biotechology
What is a RFLP analysis
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Things We Didn't Cover
This type of microscope is usually used for
studying the interior of the cell
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Things We Didn't Cover
What is a transmission electron microscope
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Things We Didn't Cover
This is the final, stable community in an
ecosystem
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Things We Didn't Cover
What is a climax community
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Things We Didn't Cover
This is when two genes interact to produce a
novel phenotype
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Things We Didn't Cover
What is collaboration
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Things We Didn't Cover
This is the variation of some trait in an
individual coordinated with a change in
geographic area
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Things We Didn't Cover
What is a cline
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Things We Didn't Cover
 
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Things We Didn't Cover
What is the Hatch-Slack pathway
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Final Jeopardy!!!
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Final Jeopardy!!!
This is the percent of the population that is
homozygous dominant if the percent of the
population that is homozygous recessive is 16
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Final Jeopardy!!!