mutations

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mutations
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1. Mutations are changes in genetic material

• Latin for mistake
• Most mutations are neutral
• Little or no effect

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Mutations

• Major mutations are often harmful.
• Genetic disorders
• Types of cancer

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Harmful, Helpful or Neutral?
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mutations

• Some mutations are beneficial
• Source of genetic variance.

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2. Types of Mutations

• Gene mutations occur in a single gene.
• Point mutations occur in one or a few
  nucleotides.
• Substitution mutation base substituted
• usually affect no more than one amino acid.
• THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT

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2. Types of Mutations

• Gene mutations occur in a single gene.
• Point mutations occur in one or a few
  nucleotides.
• Substitution mutation base substituted
• usually affect no more than one amino acid.
• THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT
• THE FTT CAT ATE THE RAT

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2. Types of Mutations

• ii. Frame shift mutations
• 1. Insertion mutations extra nucleotide is
  inserted into the sequence
• THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT

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2. Types of Mutations

• ii. Frame shift mutations
• 1. Insertion mutations extra nucleotide is
  inserted into the sequence
• THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT
• THH EFA TCA TAT ETH ERA T

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2. Types of Mutations

• 2. Deletion mutations
• THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT

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2. Types of Mutations

• 2. Deletion mutations
• THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT
• TEF ATC ATA TET HER AT

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2. Types of Mutations

• b. Chromosomal mutations
• i. changes the structure of the entire chromosome

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2. Types of Mutations

• 1. Deletions
• 2. Duplications
• 3. Inversions
• 4. Translocations

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2. Types of Mutations

• 1. Deletions
• THE FAT __ ATE THE RAT
• 2. Duplications
• 3. Inversions
• 4. Translocations

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2. Types of Mutations

• 1. Deletions
• THE FAT __ ATE THE RAT
• 2. Duplications
• THE FAT CAT CAT ATE THE RAT
• 3. Inversions
• 4. Translocations

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2. Types of Mutations

• 1. Deletions
• THE FAT __ ATE THE RAT
• 2. Duplications
• THE FAT CAT CAT ATE THE RAT
• 3. Inversions
• THE CAT FAT ATE THE RAT
• 4. Translocations

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2. Types of Mutations

• 1. Deletions
• THE FAT __ ATE THE RAT
• 2. Duplications
• THE FAT CAT CAT ATE THE RAT
• 3. Inversions
• THE CAT FAT ATE THE RAT
• 4. Translocations
• THE ATE THE FAT CAT RAT

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Mutation Lab

• TATATACCGCGATAGAAA
• Write the correct nucleotide sequence according
  to the base pairing rule.
• decipher the code for the complimentary DNA
  strand, mRNA, tRNA and amino acids.
• Label DNA, mRNA, tRNA, replication, transcription
  and translation
• On the back, Retrace the code with the mutation
  given to each group.