PAD190 PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

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PAD190 PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

• LESSON 6
• PUBLIC POLICY

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INTRODUCTION

• PUBLIC POLICY IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANCE
  INSTRUMENTS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION THAT APPLIED
  TO ACTIVITIES OF GOVERNMENTAL ADMINISTRATION,
  MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION. THE STUDY OF PUBLIC
  POLICY FOCUSES ON THE THEORY, PROCESS AND ITS
  APPLICATION ON PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PRACTICES.

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THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS LESSON

• After attended this lecture student should be
  able to-
• Define public policy.
• Describe the process of policy-making.
• Explain public policy making models.
• Understand the applications of public policy in
  Malaysian public administration.

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WHAT IS PUBLIC POLICY?

• Public policy can be generally defined as the
  course of action or inaction taken by
  governmental entities (the decisions of
  government) with regard to a particular issue or
  set of issues.
• Public policy refers to a fixed plan and pattern
  of behaviour by a government toward an issue
  confronting it.
• a system of courses of action, regulatory
  measures, laws, and funding priorities concerning
  a given topic promulgated by a governmental
  entity or its representatives.

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Public policy incorporates objectives and
strategies that address a number of social
concerns and issues

• EDUCATION POLICY concern with education service
  and its delivery
• HEALTH POLICY concern with health and
  strategies to improve health services.
• NEW ECONOMIC POLICY concern with long term and
  short term development plan and its
  implementation.
• NATIONAL BUDGET concern with planning of
  national income and expenditure.

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THE CONTENT OF PUBLIC POLICY

• ISSUE the concern of the government
• OBJECTIVE aims or goals of the policy
• STRATGIES how to achieve the goals
• PROGRAMMES a particular activities that going
  to be implemented
• FINANCE cost incurred of achieving the
  objectives

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NATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (NEP)

• ISSUE POVERTY AND DIFFERENCE IN ECONOMIC STATUS
  RURAL VS URBAN
• OBJECTIVES IMPROVING OPPORTUNITIES AND INCREASE
  INCOME
• STARTEGIES ERADICATION OF POVERTY AMONG POOR
  PEOPLE, RESTRUCTURING MALAYSIAN SOCIETY
• PROGRAMMES - FELDA

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TYPES OF PUBLIC POLICY

• REGULATORY POLICY to monitor and control
  activities
• DISTRIBUTIVE POLICY to subsidies or give aid to
  society eg poverty policy
• REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICY Restructuring economy and
  wealth among society
• SECURITY POLICY maintaining peace and stability

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WHO MAKES PUBLIC POLICY?

• The process of formulating public policy
  comprises political and non-political (NGO)
  groups, administrative, legal and parliamentary
  components.
• Every components have their own roles in ensuring
  their interests are fulfill.
• Federal public service institutions play a
  leading role in the formulation of public
  policies. These institutions include such as
  Central agencies, Ministries and department.

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ACTORS IN PUBLIC POLICY MAKING
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POLICY PROCESS
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PUBLIC POLICY MAKING MODELS

• Elite Model policy making is the domination of
  elite group
• Incremental Model New policy is an advancement
  of current policy
• Group Model policy is a group initiatives
  through bargaining process between policy makers
  and the group
• System Model policy is the product of political
  system
• Rational Model policy is the result of rational
  thinking
• Institutional Model -

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ELITE MODEL (Thomas R. Dye
HEIRARCY OF POWER
HIERARCHY OF SOCIETY
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THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELITE MODEL

• Elite is the dominant group.
• Public are passive/apathetic.
• Elite opinion become a novel value
• Policy is an elite decision.
• Policy is directed towards elite interest.
• The survival of elite depend on public support.

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INCREMENTAL MODEL (Charles E. Lindblom)
POLICY 5
POLICY 6
POLICY 4
POLICY 3
POLICY 2
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THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INVREMENTAL MODEL

• Policy making is a continues process
• Limitations and constraints
• Familiarity policy
• New policy is the advancement of current policy.
• Uncertainty in making the new policy
• Incurred cost for establishing new policy
• Reducing conflict

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GROUPS MODEL (David Truman)
PRESSURE GROUPS
POLICY
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THE CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUP MODEL

• Policy making is the process of equilibrium among
  various groups.
• Group demand becomes the factor of determining
  the policy
• Policy decision depends on the group strength
• Checking and balancing

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SYSTEM MODEL (David Easton)
ENVIRONMENT
PROCESS
POLICY DECISION
POLITICAL SYSTEM
DEMANDS
OUTPUT
INPUT
SUPOPORTS
ENVIRONMENT
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THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SYSTEM MODEL

• Policy making is a political process
• Policy is a transformation of input into output
• Public demands and supports as an input of
  making the policy decision
• Policy as an influence of the environment
• Final policy is the overall process of
  transformation.

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POLICY APPLICATIONS IN MALAYSIA

• Various policy have been established by the
  government to ensure the efficiency and
  effectiveness of public administration service
  delivery.
• The scope of public policy in Malaysia is very
  wide.
• Policy making involves various actors.
• Policy making is coordinated by EPU
• Parliamentary process is the final step of policy
  making.

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1MALAYSIA
MALAYSIAN NEW POLICY
RAKYAT DIDAHULUKAN PENCAPAIAN DIUTAMAKAN
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Internet Links

• http//www.escwa.un.org/information/publications/e
  dit/upload/ssd-03-1.pdf
• http//azman97.tripod.com/policy.html

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TUTORIAL 6

• Discuss the policy making models that applied in
  Malaysia.
• Discuss the example of public policy being
  applied in Malaysia.

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THAT ALL FOR TODAYSEE YOU AGAIN NEXT LECTURE

• LESSON 7
• PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION

THANK YOU