Introduction to Programming - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Introduction to Programming

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Title: Slide 1 Author: umer Last modified by: umer.farooq Created Date: 9/23/2002 7:54:32 AM Document presentation format: On-screen Show Company: Virtual University – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Introduction to Programming


1
Introduction to Programming
  • Lecture No. 8

2
In the last lecture
  • Loops
  • While
  • Do while
  • For
  • Operators
  • Increment / Decrement
  • Compound Assignment Operators

3
Example Program to calculate the average marks
of class
  • int sum
  • int students
  • int average
  • sum 0
  • students 0
  • do
  • cin gtgt grade
  • sum grade
  • students
  • while (grade gt 0)
  • average sum / students
  • cout ltlt average

A Flaw in the code
4
  • Multi-way decision

5
if Statements
  • if ( grade A )
  • cout ltlt Excellent
  • if ( grade B )
  • cout ltlt Very Good
  • if ( grade C )
  • cout ltlt Good
  • if ( grade D )
  • cout ltlt Poor
  • if ( grade F )
  • cout ltlt Fail

6
if else
  • if ( grade A )
  • cout ltlt Excellent
  • else
  • if ( grade B )
  • cout ltlt Very Good
  • else
  • if ( grade C )
  • cout ltlt Good
  • else
  • if ( grade D )
  • cout ltlt Poor

7
if else
  • if ( grade A )
  • cout ltlt Excellent
  • else if ( grade B )
  • else if
  • else

8
  • switch statement

9
switch statements
  • switch ( variable name ) case a
    statements case b statements
  • case c statements

10
switch statements
  • switch ( grade) case A cout ltlt
    Excellent case B cout ltlt Very Good
    case C

11
switch statements
  • case A
  • cout ltlt Excellent

12
Example
  • switch ( grade)
  • case A cout ltlt Excellent case B
    cout ltlt Very Good case C
  • cout ltlt Good
  • case D cout ltlt Poor case F
    cout ltlt Fail

13
  • break

14
Example
  • switch ( grade )
  • case A
  • cout ltlt Excellent
  • break case B cout ltlt Very Good
  • break case C
  • cout ltlt Good
  • break
  • case D cout ltlt Poor
  • break case F cout ltlt Fail
  • break

15
default
  • default
  • cout ltlt Please Enter Grade from A to D or
    F

16
Flow Chart of switch statement
switch (grade)
case A
Display Excellent
case B
Display Very Good

Default
..
17
  • if ( amount gt 2335.09 ) statements

18
Whole Number
  • short
  • int
  • long

19
  • case A
  • case 300
  • case f

20
break
  • if (c z )
  • cout ltlt Great ! You have made the correct
    guess break

21
  • continue

22
continue
  • while trynum lt 5
  • .
  • .
  • continue

23
continue in for loop
  • for ( counter 0 counter lt 10 counter )
  • .
  • continue

24
What have we done till now
  • Sequential Statements
  • Decisions
  • if , if else , switch
  • Loops
  • while , do while , for

25
  • goto
  • Unconditional Branch of Execution

26
Structured Programming
  • Sequences
  • Decisions
  • Loops

27
  • Minimize the use of break
  • Minimize the use of continue
  • Never use goto

28
Guide lines for structured programming
  • Modular
  • Single entry - single exit

29
Rules for Structured Flowchart
  • Rule 1 Use the simplest flowchart
  • Rule 2 Any rectangle can be replaced by
    two rectangles.
  • Rule 3 Any rectangle can be replaced with
  • structured flowcharting constructs.
  • Rule 4 It says, rule 2 and rule 3 can be
  • repeated as many times as needed

30
Next Milestones
  • Data Structures
  • Arrays
  • Character Strings
  • Pointers
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