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THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH

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Title: THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH


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CHRISTIANITY
EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH
THE SCHISM 1054
ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
PROTESTANTISM
LUTHERAN PRESBYTERIAN BAPTIST METHODIST ETC
THE REFORMATION 1500s
3
THE CHURCHIMPORTANT TERMS
  • CURIA Council developed to advise the pope on
    spiritual and political matters.
  • CANON LAW - Law of the Church. Bishops operated
    courts to consider civil and religious matters
  • TITHE - Tax imposed by the Church which required
    every Christian family to pay one tenth of income
  • HERETICS People who opposed teachings of the
    Church

4
HISTORY OF THE CHURCH
  • Suffering by the Church from 500-1000
  • Viking plundering of monasteries during 800s
    and 900s threatened the Church.
  • Moslems threatened Europe and Christianity
  • The lower clergy was barely literate
  • Church leaders were often corrupt

5
PROBLEMS OF THE CHURCH
  • Marriage of the clergy - forbidden by Church law
  • Simony - Buying selling of Church positions.
  • Lay Investiture - Granting of authority to clergy
    members by kings or nobles.
  • Corruption of some popes who had been chosen by
    civil leaders.

6
ATTEMPTS AT CHURCH REFORM
  • Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII enforced laws
    against simony and marriage of clergy
  • Pope Gregory VII ends Lay Investiture
  • Church decrees that all future popes would be
    chosen by a College of Cardinals.
  • The Inquisition was formed to find and judge
    heretics. Heretics could repent, be tortured, or
    be killed
  • The papal curia was a group set up to advise the
    pope in spiritual and political matters

7
SACRAMENTS OF THE CHURCH
  • Baptism - Symbolizes purification of the soul.
  • Confirmation - strengthening by the Holy Spirit.
  • Holy Communion - Symbolic of the blood and body
    of Jesus.
  • Penance - Confession of Sins.
  • Extreme Unction - Annointing of the sick.
    Administering of the Last Rites.
  • Matrimony-Spiritual agreement between husband
    and wife.
  • Holy Orders - Ordination into the clergy.

8
ATTEMPTS AT CHURCH REFORM
  • 5. How did the Pope and Church deal with heretics
    and other disobedient people and rulers
    throughout Europe?
  • WEAPONS OF THE CHURCH
  • Excommunication - Cut individuals off from the
    Church. Could no longer receive the sacraments
  • Interdict - Cut off sacraments to an entire
    region or nation

9
Role of Friars in the Church
  • FRIARS - Traveling clergy members who fought
    against heresy and attempted to win back
    heretics.
  • TWO ORDERS OF FRIARS
  • Dominicans - Spanish order founded by Dominic and
    who emphasized scholarship. Friars wore white
    robes.
  • Franciscans - Italian order founded by St.
    Francis of Assisi. Wore brown robes.

10
ORGANIZATION OF THE CHURCH
  • BISHOPS
  • Administered a Diocese of several parishes
  • Appointed Parish Priests
  • Administered Provinces
  • Administered sacraments of Confirmation
    Ordination
  • PARISH PRIESTS
  • Usually of peasant origins
  • Limited formal education
  • Conducted Church services
  • Administered most sacraments
  • Supervised moral and religious instruction of
    parishioners
  • POPE AND CURIA
  • Spiritual /political leader
  • Advised by a council called the Curia
  • Wielded great power and influence over civil
    rulers
  • ARCHBISHOPS
  • Administered Provinces
  • Had authority over Bishops and their Diocese
  • Helped set Church policy

11
CHURCH ARCHITECTURE
  • ROMANESQUE (1000-1200)
  • Low thick walls with small windows
  • Arched doorways like Roman buildings
  • Walls painted in brilliant colors
  • Adorned with statues and icons
  • GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE (LATE 1100S)
  • Tall thin walls with large glass windows
  • Flying buttresses support high walls and roofs
  • High vaulted ceilings
  • Adorned with stained glass windows of religious
    scenes

12
Romanesque
Gothic
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Romanesque Architecture
  • Low Thick Walls
  • Roman Arches
  • Small Windows
  • Ornate Interiors

14
Gothic Architecture
Towering Spires
Flying Buttresses
15
Gothic Cathedrals Chartres, France
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Notre Dame Cathedral Paris, France
17
Pope Urban II Calling for the First Crusade
18
Christian Crusades East and West
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MONASTERIES CONVENTS
  • Communities for monks and nuns
  • Provided schools for training of the clergy
  • Preserved classical and religious manuscripts
  • Provided medical care and assistance for poor
  • Became great centers of wealth
  • THE BENEDICTINE RULE
  • Must vow to stay for life
  • Spend 7 hours a day in manual labor
  • Two hours daily devoted to reading the Bible
  • Pray and worship 8 times daily
  • Meals should be limited with no red meat allowed
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