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The Rise of Islam

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Title: The Rise of Islam


1
The Rise of Islam
  • Mr. Ermer
  • World History
  • Miami Beach Senior High

2
The Arabs
  • Semitic people (like Hebrews Assyrians) from
    the Arabian Peninsula
  • Nomads, moving to find water, organized into
    tribes
  • Tribes ruled by Sheikh, chosen by elders
  • Farmers, sheepherders, traders
  • Helped support trade routes between Mediterranean
    and China
  • Fall of Rome, and problems in Egypt and
    Mesopotamia shift from established trade routes
    to a route through Makkah (Mecca)
  • Communities on this route grew rich

3
Arabian traders were in constant contact with
merchants from Europe, Africa, India and China.
The Arabian Peninsula becomes the worlds
crossroads, a meeting place for ideas, wealth and
goods from around the world.
4
Religion of the Arabs
  • Arabs trace their heritage back to Abraham (same
    as Hebrews), and his son Ishmael
  • Believe Abraham and Ishmael founded Mecca and
    built the Kaabaa polytheistic place of worship
  • Kaaba a popular site for Arab pilgrimages
  • Arabs were polytheistic, believing in many gods,
    but one supreme god named Al0lah (allah is Arabic
    for god)

5
The Kaaba
6
A new faith, a new prophet of Allah
  • Muhammad born in Mecca, orphaned at 5 years old
  • Married a rich woman, also his boss
  • Troubled by economic inequalities, he took to
    meditating in a cave
  • Believed Allahs angel, Gabriel, spoke the words
    of God to him
  • Believing that Allah had already revealed himself
    through Moses Jesus (Hebrew and Christian
    scriptures), the revelation made through Muhammad
    would be the last words of Allah to mankind

7
The Prophet Muhammad
8
A new religion is born
  • Muhammad believed he was the last prophet, in a
    long line of prophets
  • Muhammads faith became known as Islam peace
    through submission to the will of Allah
  • Muhammad wrote what Allah told him in the Quran
    (holy book of Islam)
  • Followers of the new faith are called Muslims
    (those who submit)

9
Slow spread of Islam
  • Muhammad began preaching in Mecca
  • After 3 years of preaching, only 30 followers
  • Muslims persecuted in Mecca
  • A.D. 622 Muhammad and Muslims leave Mecca for
    Yathrib (later renamed Medina, or city of the
    prophet), this journey became known as Hijrah
  • 622 becomes year 1 of the Muslim calendar

10
The Hijrah
11
Medina the Bedouins
  • Islam spreads quickly in Medina, and in the
    desert among Bedouins (Arabs in the desert)
  • Muslims saw no separation between religious and
    political authority
  • Muhammad soon became political leader of Medina,
    and raised an army to protect faithful Muslims
  • Medinas army beats Mecca in battle, others begin
    to believe, Islam grows

12
Mecca Medina
  • 630 Muhammad returns to Mecca with army of
    10,000 Mecca surrenders
  • Most inhabitants convert to Islam
  • Muhammad visits the Kaaba, names it a holy place
    of Islam
  • Muhammad dies in 632, as Islam soars
  • Muslims are required to, if able, make a
    pilgrimage to the Kaaba at least once in a
    lifetime

13
Islam Under Muhammad
14
Islamic Teaching
  • Monotheistic Allah is only God, and Muhammad is
    his prophet
  • Hinges on salvation, must submit to live
  • Believe people rejected earlier prophets (Moses,
    Elijah, Jesus, etc) so Allah made a final
    revelation through Muhammad
  • After Muhammads death, scholars issue shariah
    a code of law applying the Qurans teachings to
    everyday life
  • Dictates family life, busines practices,
    government and moral conduct
  • Forbidden behavior gambling, eating pork,
    drinking

15
Five Pillars of Islam
  • Belief There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad
    is his prophet
  • Prayer Must perform prescribed prayers five
    times a day
  • Charity giving alms giving part of ones
    wealth to the poor
  • Fasting Refraining from eating or drinking from
    dawn to sunset during the month of Ramadan
  • Pilgrimage Must visit Mecca once in life

16
The Five Pillars
17
Chapter 3, Lesson 1 Review
  • On page 49, write and answer questions 1-5
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