Enzymes:%20%20%20

1
Enzymes Helper Protein molecules
2
Flow of energy through life

• Life is built on chemical reactions

3
Chemical reactions of life

• Processes of life
• ___________ molecules
• __________
• ___________molecules
• __________

4
Nothing works without enzymes!

• How important are enzymes?
• all chemical reactions in living organisms
  ________________________
• building molecules
• synthesis enzymes
• breaking down molecules
• digestive enzymes
• enzymes ____________________
• catalysts

We cant live without enzymes!
5
Examples

• synthesis

• digestion

6
Enzymes are proteins

• Each enzyme is the specific helper to a specific
  reaction
• each enzyme needs to be the _____________________
  for the job
• enzymes are named for the reaction they help
• _________ breaks down sucrose
• _________ breakdown proteins
• _________ breakdown lipids
• DNA polymerase builds DNA

Oh, I get it! They end in -ase
7
Enzymes arent used up

• Enzymes are not changed by the reaction
• used only temporarily
• re-used again for the same reaction with other
  molecules
• very little enzyme needed to help in many
  reactions

__________
_________
________
8
Its shape that matters!

• Lock Key model
• Induced Fit Model
• ______________allows enzyme substrate to fit
• specific enzyme for ___________
• _________

9
2
1
3
10
Enzyme vocabulary

• __________
• helper protein molecule
• __________
• molecule that enzymes work on
• __________
• what the enzyme helps produce from the reaction
• _____________
• part of enzyme that substrate molecule fits into

11
What affects enzyme action

• Correct protein structure
• correct order of amino acids
• why? enzyme has to be right shape
• Temperature
• why? enzyme has to be right shape
• pH (acids bases)
• why? enzyme has to be right shape

12
Order of amino acids

• Wrong order wrong shape cant do its job!

foldedprotein
chain ofamino acids
DNA
right shape!
foldedprotein
chain ofamino acids
wrong shape!
DNA
13
Temperature

• Effect on rates of enzyme activity
• Optimum temperature
• greatest number of collisions between enzyme
  substrate
• human enzymes
• 35- 40C (body temp 37C)
• Raise temperature (boiling)
• denature protein unfold lose shape
• Lower temperature T
• molecules move slower
• fewer collisions between enzyme substrate

14
Temperature
humanenzymes
Whats happening here?!
reaction rate
temperature
15
How do cold-blooded creatures do it?
16
pH

• Effect on rates of enzyme activity
• changes in pH changes protein shape
• most human enzymes pH 6-8
• depends on where in body
• pepsin (stomach) pH 3
• trypsin (small intestines) pH 8

17
pH
stomachpepsin
intestinestrypsin
Whats happening here?!
reaction rate
7
2
0
1
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
pH
18

• For enzymesWhat matters?

SHAPE!