Visceral manifestation

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Visceral manifestation

• Lecturer QU Hongyan

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Objects

• To master the concept of Zang-fu organs
• To grasp the physiological features of five Zang
  organs, six Fu organs and extraordinary rgans
• To comprehend the theory of visceral manifestation

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General Introduction
1?Concept of visceral manifestation 2?Formation
of theory of visceral manifestation 3?Features of
theory of visceral manifestation
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Concept

• What is visceral manifestation?
• it refers to the viscera stored inside the
  human body, their external physiological and
  pathological manifestations as well as the
  corresponding things and phenomena in nature.

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Internal organs

• Viscera

manifestation
External manifestations and correspondences
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Theory of visceral manifestation
It aims at explain the morphology, structure,
location, physiological function and
interrelationship.
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Theory of visceral manifestation
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• Features of theory of visceral manifestation
• Integrity of the human body itself with five zang
  organs as the center
• Unity between five zang organs and natural
  environments

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?
Zang fu organs
Liver, heart, spleen, lung, kidney
Five zang organs
Six fu organs
Gallbladder, small intestine, stomach, large
intestine, bladder, triple energizer
Extraordinary fu organs
Brain, marrow, pulse, uterus, bone, gallbladder
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Five zang organs generating and storing essence
Features
Six fu organs receiving, transporting and
digesting food
Extraordinary fu organs with hollow cavities
resemble to six fu organs in morphology and with
the function of storing essence resemble to five
zang organs
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Five zang organs

• The main contents
• the main physiological functions and features of
  five zang organs
• the relationship of five zang organs and
  
• constituents, orifices,
  emotions
• and fluids and seasons

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Heart

• Monarch organ (????)
• Root of life(???)
• The monarch of five zang organs and six fu
  organs(???????)

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Promote and regulate the function of zang fu
organs
spirit
Heart
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Physiological functions
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• Governing blood and vessels

Abundant heart qi Enough blood Smoothness of
vessels
Normal blood circulation
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• The heart governs all the psychological
  activities, like mind, consciousness and thinking
  etc.

Storing spirit
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Spirit

• In a broad sense means the exterior manifestation
  of life activities (e.g. posture, complexion, eye
  contact, speech, responds, diet etc)
• In a narrow sense refers to mental activities.

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• (2) Relationship of heart to its constituent,
  orifice, emotion, fluid and season

• Corresponding to vessels and manifesting on the
  face
• Opening into tongue
• Joy is heart emotion
• Sweat is heart fluid
• Heart corresponds to
  Summer
• Heart is
  interiorly-exteriorly related to
• small intestine

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????
????
????
????
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Lung

• Canopy (????) ---the location of lung is the
  highest of five Zang organs
• Delicate viscus(????) ---the lung have
• sparse and delicate lobes and
  
• cannot bear coldness and warmth

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Physiological functions
Governing qi
1
2
3
4
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• Governing qi
• it includes governing respiratory qi and
  qi of the whole body.

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• It means that the lung governs respiration,
  and is also where internal and external qi
  exchange.

It means that the lung governs respiration, and
is also where internal and external qi exchange.
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The lung participate the production of qi

• It means that the lung governs respiration,
  and is also where internal and external qi
  exchange.

The lung regulate the movement of qi of the whole
body
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Qi of the whole body

• Innate qi is inherited from parents, nourished
  and supplemented by acquired qi,
• Acquired qi refers to clear qi inhaled by the
  lung from nature and food essence generated by
  the spleen and stomach.

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Heart qi
primary qi
Lung qi
qi of the whole body
Food essence
Liver qi
pectoral qi
Spleen qi
Clear qi
Kidney qi
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Functions of pectoral qi
Runs through the inspiratory tract to regulate
respiration
Runs through vessels to promote circulation of qi
and blood
Descends to Dantian to nourish origninal qi
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Respiratory tract
Regulate respiration
Pectoral qi
vessels
Promote the circulation of qi and blood
Dantian
Nourish the original qi
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• Governing dispersing and purifying and descending
  
• Dispersing means that lung qi can lift
  upwards and disperse outwards.
• Purifying and descending refers to the
  lung has functions of cleaning and descending
  inwards and downwards.

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Lung qi can lift upwards and disperse outwards
  Exhaling turbid qi from the
body
Dispersing - Distributing food essence

Dispersing defensive
qi to the skin, muscles,
and interstices
upwards
outwards
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  Purifying descending

Inhaling clear qi from nature and transporting
pectoral qi downwards below the navel to nourish
original qi
Transporting downwards and inwards food essence
in the lung which is transported by spleen qi to
nourish organs and tissues
Transporting downwards turbid fluid generated
through visceral metabolism to kidneys to
generate urine
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Governing water metabolism

• It means that the function of lung
  dispersing and descending promotes and regulates
  the movement, distribution and discharge of
  fluids of the whole body.
• It is the manifestation of lung governing
  dispersing, purifying and descending on water
  metabolism.

Lung is the upper source of water
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Assembling vessels and governing
coordination

• Assembling vessels means that blood of the body
  circulate through the lung and exchange turbid qi
  with clear qi in the lung, and blood abundant in
  clear qi is transported to the whole body through
  vessels. And it is the embodiment of qi promoting
  blood.
• Governing coordination is a high summarization of
  physiological functions of the lung.

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???????
?
blood circulation
generation of qi
?
?
movement of qi of the whole body
distribution of body fluids
?
assistant organ
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• (2) Relationship of lung to its constituent,
  orifice, emotion, fluid and season
• Corresponding to the skin and manifesting on the
  hair
• Opening into nose
• sadness is lung emotion
• snivel is lung fluid
• Lung corresponds to Autumn
• Lung is interiorly-exteriorly
  related to large
• intestine

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opening into the nose
snivel is lung fluid
sadness is lung emotion
corresponding to the skin
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Spleen

• The origin of qi and blood(??????)
• Barn official(????)
• Acquired root(????)

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Physiological functions
Governing transportation and transformation
spleen
Governing blood
Spleen qi governing lifting
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Governing transportation and
transformation

• It means that the spleen can transform
  food into food essence, and absorb food essence
  and fluid further to transport to viscera.
• Transporting and transforming food
• Spleen can digest food, absorb nutrient,
  transport to the heart and lung, and distribute
  to the whole body.
• Transporting and transforming water
• It means that spleen qi can absorb,
  transport and distribute water to
  nourish the whole body.

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viscera
food essence
lifting
Spleen
? ?
governing blood
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Lets have a rest!
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Governing blood

• It means that spleen qi can guide and
  dominate blood inside vessels to avoid bleeding.

Spleen governs transportation and transformation
Generating qi and blood
Qi consolidates blood
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Spleen qi governing lifting

• Spleen qi governing lifting is the
  movement feature of spleen qi, including sending
  up the clear and lifting up viscera.

Spleen functions normally when its qi ascends
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Sending up the clear
Dizziness and lassitude
Upper lack of nourishment
Failure of spleen qi in deficiency to transport
and transform
Abdominal distension and fullness
Middle stagnation of turbid qi inside stomach
Lower adverse downward flow of essential qi
Loose stool and diarrhea
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Lifting up viscera

• It means that spleen qi can lift to
  maintain the normal position of viscera to avoid
  prolapse.
• So if the spleen qi functions
  abnormally, patients will suffer with prolapse of
  uterus, prolapse of anus etc.

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• (2) Relationship of spleen to its constituent,
  orifice, emotion, fluid and season
• Corresponding to muscles and governing four limbs
• Opening into mouth and manifesting on lips
• Anxiety is spleen emotion
• Saliva is spleen fluid
• Spleen corresponds to Summer
• Spleen is interiorly-exteriorly related to
  stomach

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anxiety is spleen emotion
opening into mouth
spleen
saliva is spleen fluid
corresponding to muscles
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Liver

• Resolute viscus(??)
• General organ(????)
• Liver is characterized by rising and moving,
  prefers smoothness and dislikes depression.
  (????,???????)
• Innate root for the woman(???????)
• Blood sea(??)

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Storing blood
anatomic observation
promote the circulation of qi and blood
Smoothing flow of qi
digestion and absorption
reguating emotions
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Physiological functions

• Governing smoothing flow of qi
• Storing blood

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Governing smoothing flow of qi

Liver governs smooth Flow of qi
The circulation of qi and blood is freely
and smoothly
Qi movement of the whole Body is normal
Life activities Function normally
Steady and ordered functional activities of
zang-fu organs, meridians, constituents and
orifices of the whole body
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Governing smoothing flow of qi

• Promoting circulation of blood and body fluids
• Promoting spleen and stomachs transportation and
  transformation and secretion and discharge of
  bile.
• Regulating emotions
• Promoting mans ejaculation and womans
  menstruation

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Storing blood

• It means that the liver can load blood,
  regulate blood volume and avoid bleeding.

Movement blood is in vessels Rest blood is
in liver
Regulating blood volume
Liver storing blood to nourish itself
Avoid bleeding surpressing liver yang to
avoid yang hyperactivity and bleeding
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• (2) Relationship of liver to its constituent,
  orifice, emotion, fluid and season

• Corresponding to the tendon and manifesting on
  the nail
• Opening into eyes
• Anger is liver emotion
• Tear is liver fluid
• Liver corresponds to Spring

• Liver is interiorly-exteriorly related to
  gallbladder

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anger is liver emotion
Liver
corresponding to the tendon
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Kidneys

• Innate root (????)
• Root of yin and yang of five zang organs(??????)
• The organ in charge of striving(????)
• Root of consolidating(????)
• Lumbar area is the house of kidneys(?????)

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Physiological functions

• Storing essence
• Governing water
• Governing reception of qi

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Storing essence

• kidneys storing essence means that kidneys
  can store and consolidate essence.

It is the basic material to form and maintain
life activities of the human body, the root of
life activity, and the material basis for
functional activities of viscera, constituents
and orifices
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• Reproductive essence from parents
  innate essence
• 
  supplement nourishment
• Food essence generated by the
  acquired essence
• spleen and stomach
  (some part )

Kidney essence
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Function of kidney essence

• Promoting the growth, development and
  reproduction of human body
• Promoting and regulating the qi transformation of
  zang-fu organs

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Sex-stimulating essence

• It refers to a kind of refined material
  promoting the development and maturity of the
  reproductive organs and sustain the reproductive
  function, and is generated when kidney qi
  increased to a certain level.

Female49 Male64
Female14 Male 16
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With the function of moistening tranquilizing and
depressing
Kidney yin
Kidney essence
Kidney qi
Inter-restrict
coordinate
Promoting, warming and exciting
transform
Kidney yang
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Governing water

• It means that kidneys can control and
  regulate the circulation, distribution and
  discharge of water of the whole body.
• Qi transformation of kidneys is the primary
  promotive force for lung, spleen, triple
  energizer to work on body fluids metabolism.
• Kidney qi sends up the clear and lowers down the
  turbid to generate urine.
• Kidney qi governs the open and
  closure of bladder for
  urination.

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Governing reception of qi

• It means that kidney qi can grasp or hold
  clear qi inhaled by the lung from nature to
  maintain the depth and rhythm of respiration to
  avoid superficial respiration, which is the
  manifestation of kidneys storing function in
  respiration.

There is a saying that the lung is the monarch of
qi and kidneys are the root of qi
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???? ????
dispersing
water
lifting
lung
descending
stomach
spleen
Other viscera
Turbid fluids
Clear part
kidneys
transformation
Turbid part
bladder
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• (2) Relationship of kidney to its constituent,
  orifice, emotion, fluid and season

• Corresponding to the bone, generating marrow and
  manifesting on hair
• Opening into ears and two lower orifices
• Tear is kidney emotion
• Thick saliva is kidney fluid
• kidneys correspond to
  Winter
• kidneys are
  interiorly-exteriorly related to
• bladder

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Six fu organs

• Gallbladder
• Small intestine
• Somach
• Large intestine
• Bladder
• Triple energizer

Function accepting and transporting food
Physiological features to lower down and to
dredge
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Gallbladder

• Clear essence house(????)
• Pure house(????)
• Middle clean house(????)
• Gallbladder is the judging organ to make
  decision.(????,????)

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Physiological functions

• Storing and discharging bile

Liver essence or liver blood
Transforms
gallbladder
bile
into
Excessive liver qi
promoting digestion and absorption of food
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• Governing making decision
• In the course of conscious mind,
  decision-making is attributed to the gallbladder.

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• Why the gallbladder is classified as a fu organ
  and an extraordinary fu organ?
• It is an organ with hollow cavity,
  interiorly-exteriorly related to liver,
  corresponds to wood of five elements.
• It stores bile, similar to five zang
  organs storing essential qi
• It doesnt contact with food but
  discharges bile into the intestine to promote
  digestion and absorption, so it pertains to
  extraordinary fu organs.

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Stomach

• Sea of food and water(????)
• Big barn(??)
• Spleen and stomach are acquired root(???????)
• Stomach prefers moisture and dislikes
  dryness.(??????)

Lower stomach
cardia
Upper stomach
Middle stomach
pylorus
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Physiological functions

• Accepting and fermenting food
• Accepting means that the stomach can accept
  and contain food.
• Fermenting means that stomach can transform
  food into chyme.

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Accepting and fermenting function
Qi of the whole body or healthy qi
Characteristic of pulse
Stomach qi
Qi movement of the stomach
Functions of spleen and stomach
Food essence
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Physiological functions

• Governing descending
• stomach qi tends to descend, and can
  transport chyme down to the small intestine and
  large intestine.

Stomach qi takes descending as its harmonious
state.
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• Stomach qi descends
• Spleen qi ascends

Promoting food digestion and absorption
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Relationship between heart and lung

• heart promotes lungs respiration
• lung benefits to hearts promoting
  blood circulation

lung
heart
Pectoral qi
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Relationship between heart and spleen

Transportation and transformation of spleen qi
Ensuring generation and distribution
Ensuring blood generation
Reddening effect of heart vessels
Promoting food essence Transforming Into blood
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Relationship between heart and spleen

Promoting function of heart qi
Smooth and moderate circulation
Ensuring normal blood circulation
Consolidating of spleen qi
Blood circulating inside Vessels to avoid bleeding
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Relationship between heart and liver
heart
blood
spirit
governs
generates
promotes
regulates
Spiritual soul
liver
blood
stores
houses
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Relationship between heart and
kidneys
Heart is located in the upper energizer and
should descend
Kidneys should ascend
Kidney water
Heart fire
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• Inter-complementation between essence and
  spirit

generates
governs
heart
blood
spirit
regulates
??
generates
??
Qi
drives
generates
consolidates
kidney
essence
stores
generates
consolidates