Chapter 8 Global Stratification - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Chapter 8 Global Stratification

Description:

Chapter 8 Global Stratification Wealth and Poverty in Global Perspective Problems in Studying Global Inequality Classification of Economies by Income – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:275
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 15
Provided by: Stacy102
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Chapter 8 Global Stratification


1
Chapter 8 Global Stratification
  • Wealth and Poverty in Global Perspective
  • Problems in Studying Global Inequality
  • Classification of Economies by Income
  • Measuring Global Wealth and Poverty
  • Global Poverty and Human Development
  • Theories of Global Inequality
  • Global Inequality in the Future

2
What Is Global Stratification?
  • Unequal distribution of wealth, power, and
    prestige on a global basis.
  • Between 1960 and 1990, the gap in global income
    between the rich and poor countries continued to
    widen.

3
Studying Global Inequality
  • The Three Worlds Approach
  • Distinguishes nations based on economic
    development and standard of living.
  • Levels of Development Approach
  • Most controversial terminology used to describe
    global stratification.

4
Economic Categories Used by the World Bank
  • Low Income - nations with a GNP per capita of
    785 or less, in 1998 dollars.
  • Middle-income - nations with a GNP per capita of
    more than 785 but less than 9,655 in 1998
    dollars.
  • High-income Economies (25 nations)- nations with
    a per capita income of 9,655 or more in 1998
    dollars.

5
Poverty
  • Absolute poverty- people do not have the means to
    secure the necessities of life.
  • Relative poverty- people can afford necessities
    but are unable to maintain an average standard of
    living.
  • Subjective poverty- actual income compared with
    income earner's expectations.

6
The Gini Coefficient
  • A measure of income inequality ranging from 0
    (everyone has the same income) to 100 (one person
    receives all the income).
  • Indicates that global inequality between the rich
    and poor countries continues to exist.
  • Shows that similar disparities exist within
    nations in the world.

7
Human Development Index (HDI)
  • Criteria for measuring a countrys level of
  • development
  • life expectancy
  • education
  • living standards

8
Theories of Global Inequality
  • Development and Modernization Theory
  • Dependency Theory
  • World System Theory

9
Development and Modernization Theory
  • Four Stages of Economic Development
  • Traditional stage -very little social change
    takes place and people do not think of changing
    their present circumstances.
  • Take-off stage - period of economic growth
    accompanied by a growing belief in individualism,
    competition, and achievement.

10
Development and Modernization Theory
  • Four Stages of Economic Development
  • Technological maturity- the country improves in
    technology, reinvests in new industries, and
    embraces the values and institutions of
    high-income developed nations.
  • High mass consumption - a high standard of living
    that encourages consumption.

11
Dependency Theory
  • Disputes that economic growth is the key to
    meeting important human needs in societies.
  • Argues that the poor nations are caught in a
    cycle of structured dependency on the richer
    nations.
  • Most often applied to the newly industrializing
    countries.

12
World System Theory
  • Three types of nations
  • Core nations- possess most of the world's capital
    and technology.
  • Semiperipheral nations- a midpoint between the
    core and peripheral.
  • Peripheral nations- dependent on core nations.

13
New International Division of Labor
  • Production is fragmented and assigned to
    whichever part of the world can provide the most
    profitable combination of capital and labor.
  • High-income countries have become dependent on
    low-income countries for labor.

14
 Global Inequality In The Future
  • In some regions, poverty continues to undermine
    human development.
  • Modern technology and economic growth could
    reduce poverty and increase opportunities.
  • Health and education may continue to improve in
    lower-income countries, resulting in more
    advances.
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com