Title: Joanne
1Joannes Story A Reason to ActWhats Going
Wrong ? Presented by Chris Bingley
Charity Registration Number 1141638
2JBMF Founders Statement
Joanne, or Joe as she preferred to be
called, was a nurse with over 20 years
experience. She was dedicated, caring and
diligent as are most health care professionals I
have met. But Joanne was let down by the very
NHS organisation that she gave everything to and
just 10 short weeks after giving birth to her
much longed for daughter Emily, whilst being
treated at home for severe postnatal depression
she took her own life.
The Joanne Bingley Memorial Foundation is a
charity that exists to ensure future generations
such as my daughter have access to the
appropriate care and support, that services
adhere to care quality standards and to inspire
sustainable change in the perception and
provision of maternal mental health services in
the UK
3Daksha Emson Public Enquiry
- In 2003 following the release of the public
enquiry into the suicide of the psychiatrist Dr
Daksha Emson and infanticide of her child, the
government made promises that the NHS would
deliver Specialists In Perinatal Mental Health
to care for women in crisis who suffer from
postnatal depression. - The Royal College of Psychiatry created the
faculty of Perinatal Mental Health as a
specialism. -
- Yet more than 10 years after the Public Enquiry
- More than 35,000 mums are left suffering in
silence every year - Mums are too scared to come forward for treatment
for fear of having their child taken away - Dads are left supporting Mums who are too scared
to seek help or turn to health care professionals - Health Care Professionals are still asking for
Specialists In Perinatal Mental Health and
access to services so that they can support mums,
dads and families suffering the mental trauma and
crisis -
-
4Confidential Enquiries
- The Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Death
are recognised as the - gold standard in in investigating the cause of
mums death and - they detail how Postnatal Depression is not a new
problem - 2002 Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths
highlights suicide as a result of postnatal
depression a leading cause of maternal death. - A plethora of policies, guidelines and
legislations follow - Carers Acts 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005
- Specialised Mental Health Services (2004)
- National Service Framework Maternity Standard 11
(2004) - Perinatal Healthcare in Prison A Scoping Review
of Policy and Provision (2006) - NICE Guidelines CG90 Depression in Adults (2007)
revised (2009) - NICE Guidelines CG45 Antenatal and Postnatal
Mental Health (2007) - NHS Acts, Human Rights Act, The NHS Constitution
(Health Act 2009) - 2011 Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths -
suicide is still the leading cause of maternal
death.
5Joes Pathway to Despair ...1 of 3
- Pre-Natal Previous termination, miscarriages and
treatment for depression in documented in Health
Visitor records BUT NONE of the 5 mental health
risk assessments completed, as described in the
Kirklees Maternal Mental Health Care Pathway as
the responsibility of Health Visitors, a breach
of care quality standards and safe systems of
work. - 18 Feb 2010 Emily Jane Bingley Born after 5 days
in labour - 22 Feb 2010 Breast Feeding problems 1st
Hospital stay with positive results - 10 Mar 2010 Breast Feeding problems 2nd
Hospital stay - The medical records detail Joes un-consolable
crying, anxiety, feelings of failure and the
suspicions of Midwife she was suffering postnatal
depression. But no clinical risk assessments
completed, no referral and no information given
to patient or husband - Treatment for her lack of hind milk and crying
baby was to have Joe connected to a milk pump
between feeds with intent to increase milk
production over 10 days. - Treatment concentrated solely on the problems of
Joe continuing to breast feed. - 14 Apr 2010 Easter Holiday emotional breakdown
- GP diagnosis and starts drug treatment for
Postnatal Depression and lack of sleep - 22 Apr 2010 Suicidal feelings and intent plans
to drive herself and baby into a wall - GP listens to options considered but ruled out as
they would not guarantee death - Mental Health Crisis Team contacted, diagnosis
severe postnatal depression
6Joes Pathway to Despair 2 of 3
- 22nd April - At initial assessment home care
recommended as course of treatment with no other
treatment options considered or discussed. No
written information of any kind provided nor any
information on support groups or how to care for
wife. - 23rd April - Care Plan provided to the patient
and the husband marked as provided to The
Carer. No information provided about Carer
Rights and no Carers Risks Assessment as
required by The Carers Acts, in breach care
quality standards - At no point is any referral made to specialist
perinatal psychiatric services or to a consultant
of any kind, in beach of care quality standards
and NHS Frameworks - 27th April The Independent Investigation states
that the clinical evidence substantiates that Joe
should have been hospitalised at least 3 days
before she died - Coroners Evidence regarding the visit by the
Care Team that day - When Joe requested please take me with you her
request was ignored and brushed aside by the care
worker treating her that day. and Joe left the
session in frustration (withdrawing from the
treatment). Despite Joes medical record
detailing her suicidal plans, a decline in mental
health and her obvious state of anxiety the care
worker never explored Joes state of mind even
though she admitted to recognising a break-down
in Joes relationship with her husband. - Whilst sat in her car ready to leave, the
husband (Chris) knocked on the care workers
window to explain Joe had left the property
without telling anyone. Despite having recorded
the husbands anxiety and distress in her notes,
knowing his wife was suicidal, she told him to
contact the police if his wife did not return and
then drove away!
7Joes Pathway to Despair 3 of 3
- 29th April
- AM visit by Mental Health Crisis Team Dr and
Nurse husband (The Carer) not attending but
patients mother in attendance - The Dr for the first and only time during the
entire treatment records signs of improvement,
and decides there is no need to discuss alternate
treatments - PM visit by Health Visitors - husband (The Carer)
not attending but paternal grandparents in
attendance - Recorded high levels of anxiety, despair,
inability to cope, her feelings that mental
health service wasting her time and her intent to
withdraw from care - HV contacts Crisis Team Manager who over rules HV
concern and ignores risks - HV raises her concerns of HVs being unable to
cope when told Crisis Team is planning to stop
providing support, and HV contacts her manager to
log risks. - No-one contacts Husband (The Carer) to discuss
risks, inquire of patients state or to check if
he the carer is able to cope prior to the Bank
Holiday weekend. - 30th April 2010 - Joanne walks on railway
tracks, throwing herself under a train - 4th May 2010 - On her first day back at work
following Bank Holiday, at 905am the Crisis Team
Manager contacts the Health Visitors, the medical
records detail the purpose was to explain that at
no time did Joanne show suicidal intent else they
(The Crisis Team) would have taken action.
8NHS Responses after Joe died
- Huddersfield Royal Infirmary
- - Excess stamp duty to pay for
- - Letter of condolences and apology for your
loss - Mental Health Crisis Team Admin Dept
- - Request to compete Patient Satisfaction
Questionaire - - Reminder to complete Patient Satisfaction
Questionaire - Mental Health Crisis Team Manager - in a
discussion recorded by Health Visitors - Patients husband has family support so do not
contact for 6 to 8 weeks -
- Support for Crisis Team staff and HV staff
affected by Joes death to be organised through
normal channels - Mental Health Crisis Team Director and Manager -
in a meeting held in the patients home with her
husband and GP friend, prior to their
investigating Joes death
9NHS Internal Reviews
- Huddersfield Royal Infirmary - Maternity Care
- The report fails to address key issues and
aspects of the treatment, failed to interview key
persons who treated the patient, in particular
the 2 Breast Feeding Midwives who were
encouraging a course of treatment when it was
suspected she was showing signs and symptoms of
Post Natal Depression. - The conclusions are fundamentally flawed, stating
we could not have known she was suffering from
postnatal depression, contrary to the written
evidence in the medical records and statements of
the midwives. - Kirklees Community Healthcare Health Visitor
Maternity Services - The report was written on the 4th May as an
Internal Review without reference to any
specific terms of reference or other guidance. - The report fails to cover key issues (Joes
previous history and treatment for PND, the
failure to perform 5 clinical risk assessments,
etc.) making NO conclusions. - South West Yorkshire Partnership Foundation Trust
Mental Health Services - Finds internal processes were followed and
concludes whilst key things need to be improved
nothing that was wrong contributed to the death. - The report fails to cover key issues and aspects
of the treatment and care concentrates on
internal policies and process failing to cover
independent investigations, legislation, etc
report emphasises the reliance on the family
10The Independent Investigation
- Due to time constraints placed upon the
investigation by the NHS it was agreed - The investigation team was only able to review
the clinical documentation, policy documents and
staff written statements and records, without the
benefit of investigators interviewing staff. - As the NHS were unable to identify investigators
in Midwifery or Health Visiting, these areas were
supposed to be reviewed and investigated at a
later stage. - The Results
- 21 recommendations and actions for change
including - Specialist Perinatal Psychiatric Resource
- New strategies and policies compliant to care
quality standards - New and improved systems, processes and safe
systems of working - Provision of written information to patients and
carers - Mandatory contractual care standards and
compliance measures - The Independent Investigation concludes
- From the documentation there is evidence that
Joanne Bingley should have been hospitalised on
the 27th of April 2010 at least 3 days before her
death. Further if she had been so treated would
probably have made a full recovery
11Results of Previous Investigations
19 Previous Independent Investigations conducted
by the Yorkshire and Humber Strategic Health
Authority are available to the public. These show
recurring failures in the treatment and care of
patients and Carers consistent with Joanne
Bingley.
12Coroners Inquest Oct 2011
- The criminal standard of proof beyond reasonable
doubt, represents the evidential hurdle or
threshold that the coroner had to consider for
suicide or unlawful killing. He resolved to
return a narrative verdict, and his 21 statements
of fact include - A personal and family history of mental health
problems as well as significant adverse life
events befalling her in the last 5 years of her
life. (Including prior treatment for PND) - By the 22nd April her condition was such that she
was referred to the Mental Health Services who
responded promptly. At and around this time she
was expressing suicidal ideation, low mood,
anxiety and a poor sleep pattern. - At a meeting it was determined she could be
treated at home. I have found as fact that no
discussion of other therapeutic options took
placeinformed consent has not been obtained. - Independent medical care advice commissioned from
Dr Oates and Mr Ketteringham. I have accepted
their view that the possibility of admission
should have been part of the initial treatment
care plan and discussed with the patient and her
husband as a treatment option if she either
became worse or did not improve. - I find as fact that her health fluctuated and did
not improve. - It is also their evidence that on the 27 April,
if not before, there was clinical indication to
be admitted to a Mother and Baby Unit. (i.e. 3
days before she died) - It would follow from this opinion that if
admission had taken place Joanne Bingley in all
probability would not have died on the date or in
the manner that she did.
13Negligence Claims (Joe Bingley)and NHS Legal
Costs
- In December 2013, a little under 4 years after
her death, the Director of Nursing from the NHS
trust that treated Joanne (Joe) Bingley finally
admitted fault. - 2 years after the Coroner issued his Statement
of Facts, In a statement issued into court the
NHS accepted that - In all probability had specialist perinatal
psychiatric treatment been offered, including the
admittance to hospital in a specialist mother and
baby unit, it would have been accepted. - Had specialist treatment been provided the
patient, Joanne Bingley, would have been expected
to make a full recovery. - Their (NHS Trusts) breach in duty of care was the
probable cause of death - 1/5th the NHS budget currently goes to cover
negligence claims with 1.8bn spent annually in
legal costs defending negligence claims . - Whilst stating their desire to settle the claim,
4 years after her death NHS lawyers have yet to
agree heads of agreement prior to discussing
the value of any claim - Joes husband had the family home repossessed and
faces bankruptcy with his own legal costs
currently in excess of 400,000, with estimates
of total legal costs gt 1m.
14Mums continue to die asLessons Learned not
Implemented
- The Independent Investigation into Joanne (Joe)
Bingleys death resulted in 21 recommendations
for improvement i.e. lessons learned, which the
NHS trusts agreed in an action plan with her
husband Chris to implement in full the by
September 2011. - After being told by NHS staff actions had not
been implemented as the NHS trust had told him,
Chris requested the Care Quality Commission to
investigate. - In April 2012 the Care Quality Commission,
following complaints raised by the husband of a
patient who had deceased, reported on the NHS
Trust that treated Joe - their investigation found the NHS Trust had
failed to implement many of the Lessons
Learned and many failed to meet acceptable care
standards - Mums suffering severe PND Women in this
specific user group at risk - 3 Deaths in 4 years of mums referred as patients
to the same NHS Mental Health Trust - Following the CQC report, at least 2 further mums
died whilst suffering from severe postnatal
depression / psychosis receiving treatment at
home by the same NHS Trust. - Jan 2013 Clair Tuprin, Sheffield
- Treated at home for severe PND, jumps from John
Lewis building in Sheffield - Dec 2013 Roaseanne Hinchlife,
15The NHS Constitution (Health Act 2009)
- On 19 January 2010 The Health Act 2009 came into
force placing a statutory duty on NHS bodies,
primary care services, independent and third
sector organisations in England. The Constitution
clarifies patient rights such as -
- Informed Consent
- To be able to give valid consent to treatment is
a fundamental right and absolutely central in all
forms of health care. - You have the right to be involved in discussions
and decisions about your healthcare, and to be
given information to enable you to do this. - So a patient can make informed decisions they
need access to impartial, evidence based,
accurate, readable, information. - This is especially important when a person has
severe depression. - Treatment Options
- Patients have the right to be treated with a
professional standard of care, by appropriately
qualified and experienced staff. - You have the right to drugs and treatments that
have been recommended by NICE for use in the NHS,
if your doctor says they are clinically
appropriate for you. - You have the right to be given information about
your proposed treatment in advance. - Learning by Experience
- You have the right to expect NHS organisations
to monitor, and make efforts to improve, the
quality of healthcare they commission or provide. - In the case of an NHS body or private
organisation, it must take reasonable care to
ensure a safe system of healthcare using
appropriately qualified and experienced staff.
16The Francis Enquiry
- For the NHS to place the quality of patient
care, especially patient safety, above all other
aims we must have candour when mistakes happen
and acknowledge all medical errors. - Only 24 per cent of the 140 possible contributory
factors identified by the inquiry team had been
identified in local investigations at the time of
the incidents. - So 76 per cent of the learning from the incidents
had been missed a situation that there is an
urgent need to improve. -
- As well as the new statutory duty of candour,
greater use will be made of incident data,
including a commitment for CQC to consider each
hospitals review of serious untoward incidents
as part of its pre-inspection activity. - NHS England is to launch a program of new patient
safety collaboratives, which will be expected to
provide expertise on learning from mistakes and
help to provide a rigorous approach to
transforming patient safety. -
-
-
-
17The Consequences of Failure
- The death of Joanne (Joe) Bingley caused horrific
trauma to her husband, to Joes family and to her
friends. But it also had a significant impact on
the lives of many others. - Following his wifes death Chris was driven by
his own grief and the despair to find out answers
to his questions . Why? - At the Coroners Inquest the true consequences
and costs of the failure to prevent what was an
avoidable death was brought home to him when
told of the many others affected, including the 7
year old child who witnessed Joes death ! - Many of those who witnessed Joes body being torn
apart by the train, her internal organs being
spread across the tracks, the blood pool that
resulted and her upper torso being dragged along
the tracks, until the train came to rest. were
traumatised - The 2 train drivers off work needing treatment
- The members of public, off work needing
treatment - The 7 year old child waiting on the platform to
go to school - And many other people who had to deal with the
incident - All this suffering as a result of the NHS staff
failing to obtain informed consent, failing to
provide access to specialist perinatal health
services and failing to admit Joe to a specialist
Mother and Baby Unit, even though places were
available at the time of her death in Leeds,
Manchester and Nottingham. -
18The True Costs of Failure
The costs of just one avoidable death like
Joes would cover the costs of providing all mums
and dads with the information they require and
the extra mother and baby unit beds needed. The
estimated cost of the emergency response (2m)
and the economic costs of closing the
Trans-Peninne train line for several hours
(20m), hardly feels relevant when compared to
the widespread human costs. Proper care would
have cost 15p for the JBMF information card
for mums dads (900,000 25p 176,000 per
year for all mums) 2p for the JBMF Severe
Postnatal Depression checklist/leaflet (22,000 _at_
5p 1,000 for all sufferers) just 17,000
for the 56 days treatment Joe needed to live!
318 per day for treatment in a Mother and Baby
Unit Bed The sad fact is each year there are up
to 66 maternal suicides due to psychiatric causes
of which 86 are Avoidable Deaths (diagnosis
and treatment was possible). A single Avoidable
Death such as Joanne Bingley can cost the
economy in excess of 22m and can cost the NHS
over millions in legal fees defending for years
the negligence claims, irrespective of any payout
after finally admitting to a breach in duty of
care.
19A National Scandal
- The death of Joanne (Joe) Bingley highlights a
national scandal - Despite Ministerial promises, NHS Service
Frameworks, NICE Care Standards and various
Guidelines. the NHS failed to commission
Perinatal Mental Health Services across most of
the UK. -
- The Patients Association Survey in 2011 found
more than 50 of Mental Health Services acting in
breach of care standards - failing to follow care quality standards,,
- failing to employ the required specialist
perinatal psychiatrists, - failing to provide information to patients
- NICE guidelines specify that those who suffer
severe postnatal depression should be referred to
a specialist perinatal psychiatrist - less than 37 of PCTs commissioned specialist
services. - NICE Guidelines state the preferred treatment for
severe PND or Puerperal Psychosis is
hospitalisation in Mother and Baby Units (MBUs) - less than 91 beds exist with places for a
maximum of 593 mums - 10 Dads suffer Postnatal Depression, Dads are
not recognised by NICE - no specialist services are available for Dads
either as Sufferers or Carers
20Mums and Dads at Risk
- Statistics on postnatal depression show that
- 2/3rds of mums will suffer a mood disorder during
or after pregnancy - Based upon 201 ONS Birth Rates
- UK East Midlands
- 1 in 2 mums suffer Baby Blues 403,888 27,689
- 15 Mums suffer Postnatal Depression 121,166
8,307 - 3 Mums suffer Severe Postnatal Depression
24,233 1,661 - 1 in 500 Mums suffer Puerperal Psychosis
1,616 111 - Maternal OCD
- Maternal PTSD
- 10 Dads who suffer from PND without treatment
80,778 5,538 - 50 Mums suffering in silence too afraid to seek
help 60,583 4,153 - 35,000 mums suffering in silence every year too
scared to seek help (i.e. half of all mums
affected by mild to moderate postnatal
depression). -
21Best Practice Care Standards
National Perinatal Mental Health Project Report
A Review of Current Provision (2011)
Peurperal Pscyhosis 1 in 500 Mums
Specialist Perinatal Mental Health
Services Mother Baby Units Specialist Perinatal
Psychiatrists Non - Specialist (PNMH) Services
Admittance to general psychiatric ward Crisis
Home Resolution Teams gatekeepers
1,412 per annum
Severe Postnatal Depression 3 of Mums
21,187 per annum
Mild to Moderate Postnatal Depression 10 to 15
of Mums
NHS Integrated Care Networks (Examples) Nottingham
, Southampton, Birmingham, Glasgow,
etc. Non-specialist services - lead by PNMH
Champions with support of GPs, Midwives, Health
Visitors, Care Workers, volunteers, etc. 3rd
Sector Support (Examples) Family Action - support
program befrienders Net Mums - online CBT
chat rooms House of Light - call-line and drop in
groups Joanne Bingley Memorial Foundation
- raising awareness, training education
84,750 per annum
The Baby Blues 50 of Mums
353,124 per annum
Numbers based on 706,248 live births in 2009 and
the agreed rates of occurence
22Dads and Significant Others
- Whilst Health Visitors and Midwives are the
primary contact for Mums during pregnancy latest
research shows mums are far more likely to turn
to their partners for help and support than to
Health Care professionals. - A survey by Netmums and the Royal College of
Midwives (Nov 2012) found -
- Mums mainly (42) turned to their husband or
partner when they first talked about how they
felt with only a third (30) first mentioned it
to a health professional. -
- Only a third of mums (30) were told about the
possibility of depression by their midwife and
only a quarter ((27) reported being asked how
they felt emotionally during their pregnancy. - Nearly three-quarters (74) of those surveyed
said it often took a few weeks or more likely a
few months before they recognised they had a
problem. -
- Over a third of women who suffer depression
during pregnancy have suicidal thoughts. - The NHS currently does not commission or provide
any support for Dads, family members or
Significant Others who are expected to provide
the support to those suffering from postnatal
depression as insufficient research has been
done! -
-
23Dads as Carers
- The NHS Choices Website gives as an example a a
Carer is someone looking after a person between
mental health crisis. - "As a new father, it was very difficult. It was
time for me to learn everything. - It's expected that 'you are the man' so you can
manage. - It's never about how you are feeling, it was all
about her. - It didn't matter what you did, nothing was good
enough. -
- There was the new baby, we had a new house and
all the added other pressures that Michelle use
to deal with and, most importantly, my wife's
illness. I had to give up work for six months. -
- The isolation was the biggest thing I felt hard
to cope with. How was I going to tell my friends
if I didn't understand myself? - I was exactly like the people who still say "how
can you be depressed" - with mental illness, you
can't just snap out of it. Mark Williams - www.fathersreacingout.com Fathers Reaching Out
aims to help men who suffer from perinatal mental
illness and who are left responsible for caring
for mums suffering from perinatal mental illness - The crucial role Carers play, whether dads,
partners, family members or friends, must be
recognized by service providers even though
NICE fails to mention DADS
24Why things remain unchanged
- According to The Confidential Enquiries into
Maternal Death the highest cause of maternal
death is suicide as a result of suffering
depression. - 86 of deaths are avoidable deaths based upon
findings that it was possible to have identified
the illness and provided treatment for the Mums
to have made a full recovery. - The sad facts are
- The stigma associated with suffering mental
illness has not gone away - Mental illness does not get parity of care with
physical illness - NHS Primary Care Trusts failed to commission
perinatal mental health services across more than
50 of the country (1) - Huge gaps and discrepancies in provision of
services across the UK (3) - Currently 97 of Health and Well Being Boards in
England have failed to include any strategy on
Perinatal (Maternal) Mental Health. - This is WHY outcomes for most patients have
remained unchanged for 10 yrs -
-
-
25Why I am here .
- Why ?
- Joe was a dedicated and caring nursing
professional - In 20 years working at Huddersfield Royal
Infirmary she enjoyed caring and treating those
who were ill but also cherished her time
mentoring and supporting others - Whilst there is a stepped change underway, back
to the core values of caring and putting the
patient first - It will take at least 10 years before significant
improvements are seen in the provision of
Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Services - The 3rd Sector, Family and Mental Health Services
must work together to create the
Integrated Care Networks required to fill the
gaps in mental health care, provide support for
those suffering in silence and eliminate the
unnecessary suffering and prevent the avoidable
deaths that devastate the whole family.
26The Joanne (Joe) Bingley Memorial Foundation
- Founders Statement
- How we help
- Parliamentary Commission into PNMH
- Why I am here
27JBMF Founders Statement
Joanne, or Joe as she preferred to be
called, was a nurse with over 20 years
experience. She was dedicated, caring and
diligent as are most health care professionals I
have met. But Joanne was let down by the very
NHS organisation that she gave everything to and
just 10 short weeks after giving birth to her
much longed for daughter Emily, whilst being
treated at home for severe postnatal depression
she took her own life.
The Joanne Bingley Memorial Foundation is a
charity that exists to ensure future generations
such as my daughter have access to the
appropriate care and support, that services
adhere to care quality standards and to inspire
sustainable change in the perception and
provision of maternal mental health services in
the UK
28JBMF How we help
- How the foundation delivers its aims
- Website and information leaflets - we provide
information on what you need to know so dads,
grandparents and friends can help. - We publish stories in national media, Twitter,
Facebook and our website to encourage open
discussion and raise awareness - Knowledge of Best practice legislation, care
quality protocols, befriender and peer support
groups, self help, supervision, etc presenting
at seminars and workshops to inform
commissioners, dept health, parliament, etc. on
patient and service issues. - We provide training education workshops for
professional health care workers and volunteers - We have supported research including
- The Patients Association survey of Primary Care
Trusts - Kings College User Group
- Through links with MPs and other organisations
we inform NHS policy makers and parliament of
service user issues and expectations - Supporting the Maternal Mental Health Alliance we
work with other organisations to deliver
improvements in PNMH services.
29Parliamentary CommissionInto Perinatal Mental
Health
- Proposed Scope and Terms of Reference The
inquiry will provide an independent review and
detailed investigation to understand and
highlight the issues and policy areas - Why? has there been a failure to implement
Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Care Services
across the UK despite Parliamentary and
Department of Health promises after the death of
Daksha Emson. -
- Why? has there been a failure to implement
lessons learned from Independent Investigations
and Confidential Enquiries and a failure to
implement and follow Care Standards. -
- Why? Dads are not being recognised as Carers by
NICE even though Home Care is the primary
treatment offered by Mental Health Crisis Teams
(Note use of the term . Significant Others) -
- What? are the implications and costs to society
and the economy - Mums - unnecessary Suffering in Silence and
Avoidable Deaths - Dads Caring for Partners and suffering from
PND - Early Years Child Development issues in the
1001 Critical Days - The breakdown of Family Finances, Family
Relationships and Resulting Deprivation - Businesses Productivity and Employer Costs
- The Consequences of Failure on the wider
community and general public - What? are the required actions to enforce the
implementation of Care Standards and Lessons
Learned, and to ensure promises made are
delivered. - What? are the recommendations to reduce the
unnecessary suffering and avoidable deaths
30Why I am here
31Why I am here