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Chapter 15

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Chapter 15 The South and West Transformed How did the economy, society, and culture of the South and West change after the Civil War? Boom Town Transparency ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 15


1
Chapter 15The South and West Transformed
  • How did the economy, society, and culture of the
    South and West change after the Civil War?

2
Standards
  • c. Describe the growth of the western population
    and its impact on Native Americans with reference
    to Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee.

3
The New SouthSection 1
  • How did the southern economy and society change
    after the Civil War?
  • Vocabulary
  • cash crop
  • Civil Rights Act of 1875
  • Farmers Alliance

4
Sec 1 The New South
The New South
Industries and Cities Grow   Main Idea In the
1880s, new industries spread throughout the
south. As cigar and lumber production increased,
along with the growth of coal-, iron-, and
steel-processing centers, new cities emerged in
the Carolinas, Georgia, Virginia, Tennessee, and
Alabama. Southern Farmers Face Hard Times Main
Idea Before the Civil War, most southern
planters had concentrated on such crops as cotton
and tobacco, which were grown not to be sold for
cash. The lure of the cash crop continued after
the war, despite efforts to diversify. The
Souths heavy reliance on these cash crops made
them vulnerable when pests threatened their
crops. Black Southerners Gain and Lose Main
Idea The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth
amendments had changed African Americans legal
status. Over time, however, these legal gains
were pushed back by a series of Supreme Court
decisions.
Continued
5
Industries and Cities Grow
  • New industries spread through the South
    textiles, lumber, cigars, coal, iron, and steel
    processing
  • More diversified farming with smaller farms
  • Railroads link cities and towns
  • Southern economic recovery is limited (war
    damage, lack of capital, limited education, few
    southern banks)

6
Southern Farmers Face Hard Times
  • Cotton dominates agriculture price was depressed
    and boll weevil appeared in the 1890s
  • Farmers band together Farmers Alliance tried to
    convince government to force railroads to lower
    the freight prices and regulate interest charged
    by banks

7
Black Southerners Gain and Lose
  • Political and economic gains citizenship allowed
    the right to vote
  • Some opened businesses or bought farms
  • African Americans had access to education
  • White blacklash KKK used terror and freedoms
    were whittled away
  • Civil Rights Act of 1875 guaranteed African
    Americans the right to ride trains and use public
    facilities
  • Supreme Court ruled in 1883 that these were local
    issues to be decided by state or local law
  • Southern governments rolled back rights of
    African Americans

8
Note Taking Reading Skill Identify Supporting
Details
Reading Skill Identify Supporting Details
NOTE TAKING
9
Transparency Railroads Connect the South
Railroads Connect the South
TRANSPARENCY
10
Chart Wholesale Price of Cotton 1865-1890
Wholesale Price of Cotton, 1865-1890
CHART
11
Chart Per Capita Income in the South, 1860 and
1880
Per Capita Income in the South, 1860 and 1880
CHART
12
Progress Monitoring Transparency Section 1
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13
  • Westward Expansion and the American Indians
  • Section 2

14
Westward Expansion and the American Indians
  • How did the pressures of westward expansion
    impact Native Americans?
  • Vocabulary
  • reservation Wounded Knee
  • Sand Creed Massacre assimilate
  • Sitting Bull Chief Joseph
  • Dawes General Allotment Act
  • Battle of Little Big Horn

15
Sec 2 Westward Expansion and the American Indians
Westward Expansion and the American Indians
Cultures Under Pressure Main Idea By the end of
the Civil War, about 250,000 Indians lived in the
region west of the Mississippi River referred to
as The Great American Desert. Although they
were lumped together in the minds of most
Americans as Indians, Native Americans embraced
many different belief systems, languages, and
ways of life. New Settlers and Native Americans
Clash Main Idea The rapid industrial
development and expansion following the Civil War
set Native Americans and white settlers on a
collision course. The End of the Indian
Wars Main Idea The conditions facing Native
Americans had all the ingredients for tragedy.
Indians were confined to isolated and
impoverished areas, which were regularly subject
to disease. Frustration, particularly among young
warriors, turned to violence. The Government
Promotes Assimilation Main Idea The reservation
policy was a failure. Making Indians live in
confined areas as wards of the government was
costly in human and economic terms.
Continued
16
Railroads and Settlers
  • Railroads brought swarms of settlers, who took
    Native American lands
  • Some signed treaties, selling their lands and
    went to reservations
  • Others fought, or did not stay on the reservations

17
Note Taking Reading Skill Identify Supporting
Details
Reading Skill Identify Supporting Details
NOTE TAKING
18
Diverse Native Cultures Destroyed
  • Native Americans viewed land and nature as
    sacred settlers viewed land as a resource to
    produce wealth
  • Buffalo killed off
  • Native Americans are forbidden to practice their
    religions
  • Their land is lost when the Dawes Act gave each
    male a plot many sold the land.
  • The amount of land owned by Indians
  • shrank by 65 by 1934.

19
The Sand Creed Massacre
  • Sioux rebellion, which began in 1862, inflamed
    Indians and whites
  • In 1864, Colorado militia, under the command of
    John Chivington, attacked unarmed Cheyenne and
    Arapaho Indians, killing many men, women, and
    children
  • Army continued the fight on the Plains

20
Transparency Sand Creek Massacre
Sand Creek Massacre
TRANSPARENCY
21
The Final Destruction
  • Navajo and Apache wars began in 1865 and
    continued until Geronimo surrendered in 1886
  • The First Sioux War in 1865 occurred when the
    government decided to build a road through Sioux
    hunting lands in Montana
  • Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 U.S. would not build
    the road Sioux would live on a reservation with
    U.S. support
  • Red River War defeat of Comanches and Kiowas
  • The Second Sioux War began in 1875 when miners
    went to the Black Hills in SD. Chief Sitting
    Bull left the reservation

22
Sitting Bull and the Fall of the Sioux
  • Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer was sent to
    locate the Indians
  • In the Battle of the Little Bighorn, Custer and
    more than 200 soldiers were killed. Sitting Bull
    escaped to Canada, but returned to the
    reservation five years later.
  • In 1890, more than 200 unarmed Sioux are
    massacred at Wounded Knee.

23
Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce
  • Tribe located in the Northwest
  • Youth attacked settlers to get Nez Perce horses
  • Chief Joseph tried to escape with his people and
    got to within 40 miles of Canada.
  • Finally settled on a reservation in Washington
    State

24
The Fate of Indian Territory
  • Nearly 70 Indian nations had been forced into
    Indian Territory
  • In 1889 Congress opened 2 million acres to
    settlers
  • At noon on April 22, hundreds of homesteaders
    rushed across the border
  • Known as boomers those who sneaked in early were
    known as sooners.

25
Wounded Knee
  • Religious revival Ghost Dance to banish whites
    and restore buffalo
  • 1890 Sitting Bull was killed
  • Army killed over 100 at Wounded Knee in South
    Dakota

26
Note Taking Reading Skill Recognize Sequence
Reading Skill Recognize Sequence
NOTE TAKING
27
Infographic Assimilation by Force
Assimilation by Force
INFOGRAPHIC
28
Government Promotes Assimilation
  • Reformers criticize policy Helen Hunt Jackson
    fought for recognition of Indian rights in the
    courts
  • Congress passes the Dawes General Allotment Act
    in 1887 Replaced the reservation system with the
    allotment system each Indian family was given a
    160-acre farm, but with the arid land, the farms
    were too small
  • Many Indian children were sent to boarding schools

29
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30
  • Transforming the West
  • Section 3

31
Transforming the West
  • What economic and social factors changed the West
    after the Civil War?
  • Vocabulary
  • vigilante open range
  • Homestead Act land grant
  • transcontinental railroad
  • Exodusters

32
Sec 3 Transforming the West
Transforming the West
Miners Hope to Strike It Rich   Main Idea Mining
was the first great boom in the West. Gold and
silver were the magnets that attracted a vast
number of people. Prospectors from the East were
just a part of a flood that included people from
all around the world. Railroaders Open the
West Main Idea As industry in the West grew,
the need for a railroad to transport goods
increased as well. The effects of the new
railroads were far reaching. They tied the nation
together, moved products and people across the
continent, and spurred industrial
development. Ranchers Build the Cattle
Kingdom Main Idea Cattle ranching fueled
another western boom. This was sparked by the
vast acres of grass suitable for feeding herds of
cattle. Once the railroad provided the means to
move meat to eastern markets, the race was on for
land and water. Farmers Settle on
Homesteads Main Idea The Great Plains were the
last part of the country to be heavily settled by
whites. It was originally set aside for Indians
because it was viewed as too dry for agriculture.
Yet, with the coming of the transcontinental
railroad, millions of farmers moved into the
West. Continued
33
Mining Frontier
  • Sutters Mill in CA
  • Pikes Peak
  • Comstock Lode
  • Placer mining shoveled dirt into a pan and
    washed it in water, looking for gold or silver
  • Large corporations will move in with mining
    equipment, placing a burden on the water supply.
  • Mining will help the industrial development

34
Transparency Boom Town
Boom Town
TRANSPARENCY
35
Big Business Receives Land
  • Pacific Railway Acts of 1862 and 1864 gave the
    Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroad
    companies 10 square miles on each side of the
    tracks.
  • Sold land to settlers who wanted farms

36
The Cattle Industry
  • Americans adopted Mexican ranching ways,
    equipment, and dress.
  • Huge demand for beef
  • Long drive transporting cattle from ranges to
    the cow towns
  • Chisholm Trail linked Texas to Kansas and the
    railroad
  • Barbed wire will end the open-range system

37
Two Land Laws
  • Morrill Land-Grant Act of 1862 provide support
    for state colleges the federal government
    distributed millions of acres of western lands to
    state governments the land was sold to fund
    agricultural colleges
  • Homestead Act, 1862 offered 160 acres of land to
    those who met the requirements
  • 1. 21 years old
  • 2. American citizens or have filed for
    citizenship
  • 3. Pay 10
  • 4. Build a house and live in it at least 6
    months a year
  • 5. Farm the land for 5 consecutive years
  • Problems Many too poor, no farming experience,
    fraud

38
Settlers Work Together
  • Water was scarce, contaminated 1880s had
    well-drilling equipment
  • Backbreaking labor
  • Men often had to leave and work in towns for
    cash, leaving families alone
  • Families cooperated in building houses, barns,
    sewing quilts, corn-husking, caring for the sick

39
Farming on the Plains
  • Challenging conditions
  • New technology-dry farming, planting crops that
    do not require much water
  • Agricultural knowledge
  • Bonanza farms controlled by big businesses
  • Farm debt machines were costly, land
    speculation, and low prices for crops

40
Transparency Cattle Drive
Cattle Drive
TRANSPARENCY
41
African Americans
  • Exodusters 50,000 African Americans who moved to
    the West
  • Benjamin Pap Singleton led a group
  • Life was hard due to poverty, lack of experience
    with prairie crops like wheat and corn
  • Most were happier than if they had stayed in the
    South

42
Women on the Frontier
  • Long periods alone
  • Men often had to leave to find jobs for cash
  • Women stayed to protect homestead from squatters
  • Western women led the fight for the right to vote
  • 1890 Wyoming was the first state to give women
    the right to vote

43
Note Taking Reading Skill Identify Main Ideas
Reading Skill Identify Main Ideas
NOTE TAKING
44
Competition, Conflict, and Change
  • Economic Rivalries Conflicts between miners,
    ranchers, sheepherders, and farmers led to
    violence biggest losers were Native Americans
  • Prejudices and discrimination West was most
    diverse area of country with Asian, Mexican and
    Mexican American, and Native American residents

45
The West by 1900
  • Number of tenant farmers grew in the West
  • Corporations owned many large farms
  • Farmers were deeply in debt
  • Census of 1890 frontier ended

46
Frederick Jackson Turner
  • Claimed that the frontier had played a central
    role in forming the American character
  • Frontier had produced individualistic, restless,
    and socially mobile Americans who were ready for
    adventure

47
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