Sec.%202:%20History%20and%20Culture

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Chapter 19

• Sec. 2 History and Culture

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History

• Home to 1 of the 1st civilizations (Fertile
  Crescent)

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Mesopotamia
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Sumerians
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• Cuneiform

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Akkadians 2350 B.C.
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Persians 550 B.C.
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Islam

• Muhammad 570-632AD
• Born in Mecca in western Arabian Peninsula
• messenger of God (Allah)
• Holy Book called the Koran
• Face Mecca when they pray

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Mecca
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Independence

• Golden Age of Persian culture
• Britain and Russian Empires controlled Iran and
  Afghanistan in 1800s
• 1900s became independent countries (From the
  Ottoman Turks)
• Iraq and Saudi Arabia 1932
• Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates in 1960s and
  1970s

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Mongols Conquered 1200s
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People and Language

• Arabs people that speak Arabic
• Spread of Islam was trade
• Cultural diversity (Kurds Muslims, but not
  Arabs Persians in Iran)

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Religion

• Islam has two branches
• Sunni and Shiism
• differ on imams (who can be religious leaders)
• Sunni vote Shia must be descendants of
  Muhammad
• 90 are Sunni (Produce many conflicts)