????(constructivism) ?? ???? ????? ??

1
Vygotsky? ?? ?? ??(socio-cultural theory)
To understand humans, we need to understand
history and then dynamics of historical change.
(Vygotsky)
2
???? ??(mechanism)
Interpersonal level (??? ??)
Internalization (???)
Intrapersonal level (??? ??)
????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??(1978)
3
?? ?? ??(Z.P.D)???

• ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ???
• ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ??
• The distance between the actual developmental
  level
• as determined by independent problem solving
• and the level of potential development
• as determined through problem solving
• under adult guidance or in collaboration
• with more capable peers.

4
????(scaffolding)???

• ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??
• ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????
• ????(hint), ?? ???(modeling),????,
• ????,????, ???? ??? ?

5
Educational Implications
Piaget
Vygotsky
1. ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? 2. ???? ??(child
centered education) 3. ??? ??? ??
(logic-mathematics knowledge)? ??? 4. ??? ????
?? ?? 5. ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??
1. ????? ?? ??? ???? (social interaction)?? 2.
???? ?? 3. ??????? ?? ???? ?? 4.????? ??? 5. ???
??? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ??
6
1. Debate on learning development

• Piaget
• ??(Development ? ??(learning)? ???(???)
• ????? ?? ??
• ??? ???? ??(spontaneous process). ????????? ???
  ??? ? ??? ????
• ??? ?? ????

• Vygotsky
• ??(learning)? ??(development)? ???.
• ????? ??(teacher-directed instruction)
• ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????(social interaction)? ??
  ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? Z.P.D (Zone
  of proximal development)
• ??? ???

7
2. Debate on Egocentric language

• Piaget
• ???? ???? ??
• ?? ???(egocentrism)? ???? ??? ???(cognitive
  immaturity)? ??
• Useless(????)
• ??? ?? ??
• Egocentric language --social language

• Vygotsky
• ??? ??(positive function)
• ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??
• ??(3?) ? ?? ????(inner speech)? ??.
• Social language--egocentric language --inner
  speech

8
3. Debate on symbolic play

• Piaget
• ??(assimilation) ??? ????
• ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??
• ????? ??(learning)? ???? ???.
• ??? ????
• ??? ??? ??? ??? ??-??, ????, ???? ?? ?? ??? ????

• Vygosky
• ??? ?????? ????
• ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??
• ??(learning)??
• ??? ??? ??, ??? ??? ?? ??? ????(optimal level)
• ???? ??? ?? ??