Chemical Nomenclature and Formulas for Ionic Compounds

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Chemical Nomenclature and Formulas forIonic
Compounds
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Ionic Compounds

• Consist of cations (positive ions) and anions
  (negative ions)
• Usually composed of metals (cations) and
  nonmetals (anions)
• Oxidation numbers (charges of ions) are important

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Types of Ions

• Monatomic ions Consist of a single
  atom (Ex. Na, Cl-, Mg2)
• Mon Single or one
• Can often be determined from the Periodic Table

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Predicting Ionic Charges
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1-
0
2
2-
3
3-
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Types of Ions

• Polyatomic ions Groups of atoms that behave as a
  unit and carry a charge (Ex. NO3-, OH-, SO4-2)
• Poly Many or several
• You will need a list of polyatomic ions to
  determine the name and formula

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Binary Ionic compoundsWriting Formulas

• Made up of two monatomic ions (metal and
  nonmetal)
• Ex. Potassium and Chlorine
• Ex. Calcium and Bromine

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Binary ionic compoundsWriting Formulas

• Transition Metals (Groups 3 through 12) and some
  metals in Groups 3A and 4A (except aluminum,
  cadmium, silver, and zinc) can have several
  oxidation numbers
• Ex. Iron (III) and Oxygen
• Ex. Copper (II) and Oxygen

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Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic ionsWriting
Formulas

• Ions made up of more than one atom
• Act as individual ions
• Rules used for binary compounds still apply
• Use parentheses when more than one polyatomic ion
  is needed and use the appropriate subscripts
  outside of the parentheses

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Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic ionsWriting
Formulas

• Example Ammonium ion and chloride ion
  IWB
• Example Calcium ion and phosphate ion
  IWB

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Practice Problems
1. sodium chloride 2. calcium oxide 3. potassium
hydroxide 4. magnesium sulfide 5. copper(II)
carbonate 6. aluminum oxide 7. iron(III) oxide 8.
sodium carbonate 9. aluminum hydroxide 10.
ammonium nitrate 11. zinc nitrate 12. magnesium
carbonate
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Naming ionic compounds Rules for naming ionic
compounds

• Name cation first and then the anion
• CsBr Cs Br
• cation anion

-

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Naming ionic compounds Rules for naming ionic
compounds

• Monatomic cations use the element name
• Cs cesium
• Monatomic anions use root of the element and end
  with ide
• Br bromide
• CsBr cesium bromide

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Naming ionic compounds Rules for naming ionic
compounds

• This applies to transition metals and some metals
  in groups 3A and 4A (more than one oxidation
  number)
• Distinguish between different oxidation numbers
  of the cation in the name of the chemical formula
• Use a Roman numeral in parentheses after name of
  cation

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Naming ionic compounds Rules for naming ionic
compounds

• Examples
• Fe and O FeO Iron (II)
  oxide
• Fe and O Fe O Iron (III)
  oxide

2-
2
2-
3
3
2
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Naming ionic compounds Rules for naming ionic
compounds

• If compound has a polyatomic ion, simply use the
  name of the ion
• NaOH Na OH sodium hydroxide
• (NH ) S NH S ammonium
  sulfide

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2-
4
2
4
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Practice Problems
1. MgCl2 2. LiOH 3. ZnCO3 4. K2S 5. FePO4 6.
Ag3N 7. Mn(CN)2 8. AgC2H3O2 9. BaI2 10. PbS2