The Fit and the Pendulum Quantum Mechanics and New Clocks

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The Fit and the PendulumQuantum Mechanics and
New Clocks
M. Crescimanno Department of Physics and
Astronomy Youngstown State University R.
Walsworth , D. Phillips, Irina Novikova and
Christine Wang Harvard -Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics
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ONR, NASA, Research Corporation, Cluster
Ohio Program, YSU PACER funds
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"No one can serve two masters for a slave will
either hate one and love the other or be devoted
to the one and despise the other."
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IDEAL CLOCK
Based on regularity of periodic behavior must be
Bright need good SNR to "split" the line.
Dark period needs to be immune from environment.
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Gerard David "Rest on the Flight into Egypt"
1512(?)
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Why Small Atomic Clocks?

• Cell Phone Repeaters

• GPS System

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Level Scheme
Level Scheme Simplified
What the experimentalist knows...
What the theorist thinks...
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Atomic Clock Traditional Maser
Light
RF Pickup
Shield
Microwave Cavity
Good
Simple , Bright
Bad
Light shifts, environment couplings large, bulky
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Need to shine some dark on this clock...
Fountain Clocks
CPT Clock
(Reduce time atoms spend in cavity)
(Use interference)
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CPT Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
o1
Collisions, ...
Light
RWA
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CPT Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
Static Solution (exact)
Im(rho_01) probe beam absorption
Dispersion Large index of refraction slow- and
stopped light
Little spike of transparency in middle...
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EIT window
CPT clock lock to center of EIT window
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CPT clock
Elements
2 Lasers
Photodetector
Shield
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Why so good?
(Data from I. Novikova)

• Medium Term stability at the 1012 Level

• Environmental susceptibility

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Simulation
Includes...
Analytic solution for steady state
Doppler effect Motional Averaging (Lamb-Dicke)
AC Stark Effect due to carrier
Lockin detection modulation dependent effects -
(EIT line asymmetry)
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Preliminary Comparisons
So many knobs to twist !
THEORY
DATA
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Detuning Slope
DATA
w1/w0 10 mHz/MHZ
Slope is negative !
THEORY
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Dependence on Modulation
DATA
THEORY
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Carrier Intensity Stark Effect
THEORY
DATA
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CONCLUSIONS
CPT clock may be promising
Experiment and QO theory are converging
QO theory informing design compromises
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