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GCSE Psychology

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GCSE Psychology Topic D Why do we have phobias? The nature-nurture debate Homework check Homework define nature and nurture. Give an example of how each can cause ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: GCSE Psychology


1
GCSE Psychology
  • Topic D Why do we have phobias?
  • The nature-nurture debate

2
Homework check
  • Homework define nature and nurture.
  • Give an example of how each can cause phobias.
  • Nature the way we are born
  • Nurture the way we are brought up
  • Parents with phobias (nature) may be more likely
    to have children with phobias
  • A child attacked by a dog (nurture) develops a
    phobia of dogs

3
Learning objectives
  • To learn about nature and phobias.
  • To learn about nurture and phobias.
  • To investigate how important nature and nurture
    are in the development of phobias.

4
Preparedness
  • Read page 134.
  • Who suggested we can use evolution to explain
    irrational phobias in 1971?
  • What is preparedness?
  • Complete the following Gapfil activity

5
Preparedness
  • Seligman .suggested that we can use evolution
    to explain irrational phobias. He said we learn
    ..between some things morethan
    others, for example we are more likely to fear
    ..water or thunder than long grass
    or. Evolution seems to have
    . us to learn about things that are
    threatening, this is called preparedness.
    Seligman thought that .input was needed
    to learn an .to a prepared stimulus
    than to a non-prepared one. E.g. if we learn to
    be afraid of fire, we will make an association
    between ..and fire much more quickly than
    between fear and a ..-stimulus such
    as a rock.
  • Seligman went on to say that prepared stimuli
    would have been ..to humans early in
    .e.g. fearing poisonous snakes
    and..would have been prepared stimuli and
    if playing it safe meant you were more likely to
    . then the humans would go
    on to have moreand their
    ..would carry on to the next.
  • children evolution less fear spiders
  • threatening sunshine survive genes
  • prepared links easily association
  • non-prepared deep fittest generation

6
  • Read page 135 .
  • Define preparedness and review one-trial
    learning.
  • Draw a picture of an example of one-trial
    learning.

7
Which is the most valid explanation?
  • Nature
  • (preparedness)
  • Nurture
  • (SLT, Classical / operant Conditioning)

8
If you can find a computer
  • www.heinemann.co.uk/hotlinks and enter express
    code 4837P.
  • Read about evolution and phobias on the Psych Web
    website.
  • Complete questions 1-3 at the bottom of page 135.
  • Homework define nature and nurture.
  • Give an example of how each can cause phobias.
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