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Invitation to Computer Science 5th Edition

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Invitation to Computer Science 5th Edition Chapter 14 Electronic Commerce and Databases – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Invitation to Computer Science 5th Edition


1
Invitation to Computer Science 5th Edition
  • Chapter 14
  • Electronic Commerce and Databases

2
Objectives
  • In this chapter, you will learn about
  • E-commerce
  • Databases

3
Introduction
  • E-commerce world
  • Financial transactions are conducted by
    electronic means
  • E-business
  • Orders are processed, credit is verified,
    transactions are completed, debits are issued,
    shipping is alerted, and inventory is reduced,
    all electronically

3
4
E-Commerce
  • Do you want to
  • Broaden your customer base?
  • Recapture customers you are losing to competitors
    with online stores?
  • Better serve your existing customer base?
  • Better integrate departments/functions within
    your existing business?

4
5
The Vision Thing
  • Risks involved with moving into e-commerce
  • Will you just move your in-store customers online
    and achieve no overall gain?
  • When you expose yourself to online competition,
    will you have something unique to offer?
  • Does your existing customer base need or want
    anything that you dont or cant provide in your
    traditional business environment?
  • Are the employees in your Shipping and Accounting
    departments in agreement with this idea?

6
The Vision Thing (continued)
  • Costs involved
  • Do you have all the necessary hardware
    (computers), software, and infrastructure
    (network connectivity) to host a business Web
    site?
  • Do you have the personnel and skills you need to
    build and maintain a Web site?
  • Do you know the potential costs of diverting
    resources away from your existing traditional
    business?

7
Decisions, Decisions
  • First major decision
  • Choose between in-house development and
    outsourcing
  • Are you going to use your existing staff to
    develop this e-business
  • Will you lease space on someone elses commercial
    Web server

8
Anatomy of a Transaction
  • Goals
  • Draw potential customers to your site
  • Keep them there
  • Set up optimum conditions for them to complete a
    purchase

9
Figure 14.1 A Typical Online Transaction in Nine
Steps
10
Step 1 Getting There
  • How does your potential customer learn your URL?
  • Conventional advertising
  • Obvious domain name
  • Search engine
  • Portal

11
Step 2 Do I Know You?
  • Cookie
  • Small text file that Web server sends to users
    browser that gets stored on the users hard drive
  • Stateless
  • No information about the exchange is permanently
    retained by the server

12
Step 3 Committing to an Online Purchase
  • Encryption
  • Encodes data to be transmitted into a scrambled
    form
  • Authentication
  • Process of verifying the identity of the receiver
    of the data
  • Spoofing
  • Practice of impersonating a legitimate site for
    the purposes of stealing money or stealing
    identity

13
Steps 4 and 5 Payment Processing
Figure 14.2 Secure Site Assurance
14
Steps 69 Order Fulfillment
  • Step 6
  • Once customers credit is approved, order entry
    system must alert inventory system
  • Step 7
  • Contact shipping system
  • Step 8
  • Shipping system works with the shipping company
  • Step 9
  • Pick up and deliver the purchase to the customer

15
Designing Your Web Site
  • Taxonomy
  • How information is classified and organized so
    customers can easily find what they want
  • Site map or a navigation bar
  • Can provide a high-level overview of your site
    architecture
  • CRM (customer relationship management) strategy
  • Improve customer satisfaction
  • Build customer relationships
  • Bring people back to your Web site time and time
    again

16
Behind the Scenes
  • Middleware
  • Software that allows separate, existing programs
    to communicate and work together seamlessly
  • Disaster recovery strategy
  • What are your plans for backing up critical data?
  • What is your plan to keep your online business
    open even when your server fails?
  • What will you do if a hacker breaks into your Web
    site and steals customer information?

17
Databases
  • Bit
  • Most basic unit of data
  • Combined into groups of eight called bytes
  • Fields
  • Group of bytes
  • Record
  • Collection of related fields

18
Databases (continued)
  • Data file
  • Stores related records
  • Database
  • Made up of related files

19
Figure 14.3 Data Organization Hierarchy
20
Figure 14.4 Records and Fields in a Single File
21
Figure 14.5 One Record in the Rugs-For-You
Employees File
22
Database Management Systems
  • Manage the files in a database
  • Entity
  • Fundamental distinguishable component
  • Attribute
  • Category of information
  • Primary key
  • Attribute or combination of attributes that
    uniquely identifies a tuple

23
Figure 14.6 Employees Table for Rugs-For-You
24
Database Management Systems (continued)
  • Query languages
  • Enable user or another application program to
    query the database, in order to retrieve
    information
  • Composite primary key
  • Needed to identify a tuple uniquely
  • Foreign key
  • Key from another table that refers to a specific
    key, usually the primary key

25
Figure 14.7 Insurance Policies Table for
Rugs-For-You
26
Figure 14.8 Three Entities in the Rugs-For-You
Database
27
Other Considerations
  • Performance issues
  • Affect the users satisfaction with a database
    management system
  • To significantly reduce access time
  • Create additional records to be stored along with
    the file
  • Distributed databases
  • Allow the physical data to reside at separate and
    independent locations that are electronically
    networked together

28
Summary
  • E-business
  • Every part of a financial transaction is handled
    electronically
  • Opening an online store
  • Requires a significant amount of planning
  • Database
  • Allows data items to be stored, extracted,
    sorted, and manipulated
  • Relational database model
  • Conceptual model of a file as a two-dimensional
    table
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