Photosynthesis

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Chapter 8

• Photosynthesis

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8-1 Energy and Life

• All organisms must be able to produce energy from
  the environment in order to live.
• Where do we get our energy???
• What is the Ultimate energy source???

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• ATP (energy storage molecule)
• Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
• Similar to Gasoline!!!
• Energy is stored in the bonds!!

A
1st 2nd 3rd
P
P
P
Bonds
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ATP

• Making of ATP
• ADP P Energy ? ATP
• Breaking down of ATP
• ATP ? ADP P Energy

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8-2 Photosynthesis Trapping the Suns Energy

• Photo synthesis
• Photosynthesis Converts the energy of sunlight
  into chemical energy stored in the bonds of
  glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen
• 6 CO2 6 H2O ? C6H12O6 6 O2
• CARBON DIOXIDE WATER
  GLUCOSE OXYGEN
• 
  (PLANT FOOD)
  (PLANT POOP)
• 
  

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• 6 CO2 6 H2O ? C6H12O6 6 O2
• 1. Light
• 2. Enzymes
• 3. Chlorophyll
• CO2 H2O are Raw Materials!
• C6H12O6 O2 are Products!

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There are two types of organisms

• Autotrophs
• Make their own food (photosynthesis /
  chemosynthesis)
• Most are plants!
• Heterotrophs
• Eat other organisms
• We are heterotrophs

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2 Parts to Photosynthesis

• Light-dependent Reaction
• Requires Light
• Photolysis
• H2O
• Makes Oxygen

• Light-independent Reaction
• Also called Calvin Cycle or Dark Reaction
• Does not require Light
• Makes Glucose

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Chemosynthesis (pg. 68)

• Not all autotrophs use the sun for energy.
• Some autotrophs use chemicals through a process
  call chemosynthesis
• Tube worms are an example of organisms that use
  chemosynthesis.

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Chapter 9

• Cellular Respiration

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9-1 Chemical Pathways

• How much energy is actually present in food?
• A LOT One gram of glucose C6H12O6 when burned
  releases 3811 calories of heat energy
• Calorie the amount of energy needed to raise 1
  gram of water 1 degree Celsius
• Big C we see on food labels represents a
  kilocalorie (1000 calories)

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Glycolysis

• The breaking down of glucose to release energy!
• Glycolysis releases a small amount of energy (1
  glucose 2 ATP)
• IF oxygen is present, glycolysis leads to two
  pathways that release a great deal of energy.
• IF oxygen is absent, glycolysis leads to a
  different pathway.

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Cellular Respiration

• In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed
  by the Krebs cycle the electron transport
  chain.
• Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, the elctron
  transport chain make up a process called CELLULAR
  RESPIRATION!!

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Cellular Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 6 O2 ? 6 CO2 6 H2O Energy
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Two types of Respiration

• Aerobic ? Requires Oxygen
• More Energy
• Anaerobic ? Does Not Require Oxygen
• Less Energy

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Two types of fermentation

• Lactic Acid Fermentation
• Anaerobic
• End product, Lactic Acid
• Alcoholic Fermentation
• Anaerobic
• End product, alcohol

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Compare cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Function Energy Capture Energy Release
Location Chloroplasts Mitochondria
Reactants CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2
Products C6H12O6 O2 CO2 H2O