Unit C 1-1

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Unit C 1-1

• Plant and Soil Science

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Lesson 1

• Recognizing the Importance of Plant and Soil
  Science

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Teacher -Interest Approach

• Ask students to name the top five crops in terms
  of amount produced in your state. Create a
  listing of five columns on the board. Put the
  name of one of the top five crops at top of each
  column. Then ask the students to name uses of
  each of the various crops. Create a list of uses
  in the column below each crop.

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Common Core/Next Generation Science Standards
Addressed!

• WHST.6-8.1- Write arguments to support claims
  with clear reasons and relevant evidence.
  (MS-LS2-4)
• WHST.6-8.9- Draw evidence from informational
  texts to support analysis, reflection, and
  research. (MS-LS1-6),(MS-LS2-4)
• WHST.6-8.8- Gather relevant information from
  multiple print and digital sources assess the
  credibility of each source and quote or
  paraphrase the data and conclusions of others
  while avoiding plagiarism and providing basic
  bibliographic information for sources. (MS-LS4-5)
• SL.8.5- Include multimedia components and visual
  displays in presentations to clarify claims and
  findings and emphasize salient points. (MS-LS3-1)

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Bell Work!
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Terms

• Agronomy
• Cereal Grain
• Fibers
• Field Crops
• Floriculture
• Food Crop Horticulture

• Foliage
• Forage
• Forestry
• Grain Crops
• Grasses
• Herb
• Horticultural Crops

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Terms Cont

• Interiorscaping
• Landscape Horticulture
• Legumes
• Oil Crops

• Olericulture
• Ornamental Crops
• Ornamental Horticulture
• Plant Domestication

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What are the various roles plants play in
everyday life?

• Plants are the base of food chain for all living
  things.
• Plants are able to utilize inorganic elements and
  incorporate them into living tissues.
• Many organisms rely on plants for the energy to
  carry out life processes

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Roles of Plants in Everyday lives of all living
things

• Edible plants- whole plants or portions of
  plants, such as seeds and fruits, are used as a
  food source for many types of animals, including
  humans
• Most important is the cereal grains
• Rice, corn, wheat, sorghum and barley

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• Areas unable to grow cereal grains well grow
  starchy root crops
• Yams, sweet potatoes, and manioc or cassava
• 88 of worlds total calorie intake comes from
  plants
• 80 of worlds protein intake comes from plants
• Also used in the production of beverages
• Coffee, tea, and fruit juice

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The role of plants in the worlds industries

• Industrial use-there are several important
  products produced from plants, such as wood,
  fibers, oils, and rubber.
• Many fibers are used in textile manufacturing
• Cotton, flax, and hemp plants

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• Wood from timber production is used for
  furniture, homes, and many other products
• Many chemicals are also derived from trees
• Acetic acid, methanol, and turpentine

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Impact of plants on the Medical Industry

• Medicinal uses- the importance that plants play
  in the development of medicines is becoming
  increasingly evident.
• Many believe that the key to curing many of our
  most deadly diseases such as cancer and AIDS may
  lie within some undiscovered plant compound

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Plants are also used for their oils

• Oils-many plants store oil as a food reserved in
  the seeds and fruits of the plant
• Most of the plant oils are used in food
  production for humans, but some are used in
  industry
• Most important is the soybean, others would
  include coconut, sunflower, peanut, cottonseed,
  and rapeseed.

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What are the various segments of plant and soil
science?

• Soil science is the study of the structure,
  composition, fertility, use, and protection of
  soil.
• Soil is top layer of the earths crust
• Plant Science is the study of the structure,
  functions, growth, and protection of plants.

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Plant Science can be divided into three groups

• Field crops- include plants grown in large fields
  and are used for oil, fiber, grain, and similar
  products
• Corn and wheat grown for their grain but other
  parts of the plant can be utilized
• Agronomy is a specialized area of plant science
  that deals with field crops
• Include relationship between plants and soil

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Horticulture can be further be broken down into
two areas

• Horticulture crops are grown for food, comfort,
  and beauty
• Ornamental Horticulture is the growing and using
  plants for their beauty. It contains three areas

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• Floriculture is the production and use of plants
  for their flowers and foliage
• Foliage is the stems and leaves of the plant
• 2.Landscape horticulture is the growing and using
  plants to make the outdoor environment more
  appealing
• Includes shrubs, flowering plants, and lawn areas
• 3.Interiorscaping is using plants inside
  buildings to create an attractive indoor
  environment

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• Food Crop Horticulture is the growing plants for
  food, which can be divided into two areas
• Olericulture is the science of producing
  vegetable crops
• Pomology is the science of producing fruits and
  nuts.

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• Forestry- is the science of growing trees and
  producing wood products.
• Tree farms are cultured forests that have been
  carefully planned, established and maintained.
• Requires a great deal of labor and management to
  assure high quality timber

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What are some important types of plants and what
are their uses?

• Very few wild plants are used in our everyday
  lives, most plants have been domesticated

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• Plant domestication is removing plants from their
  native wild environment and growing them under
  controlled conditions
• Important field and horticultural crops are
  divided into seven categories

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• Grain crops- include plants grown for their
  edible seeds not including the horticultural
  crops
• Cereal grain is the seed of grass-type plants
  grown for food and animal feed
• Rice, corn, wheat, oats, barley, rye, and sorghum

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• Sugar and oil crops- are produced for two
  commodities sweeteners and vegetable oil
• Sugar crops are used as a source of sucrose
• Sucrose is a carbohydrate that provides energy
  for physical activity by the body
• Sugar beets, corn and sugar cane are major crops
  but also include honey, maple syrup, and some
  kinds of sorghum
• Oil crops- are plants grown for the vegetable oil
  contained in their seed and fruit.
• Major crops include soybeans, cotton, canola,
  and corn

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• 3. Fiber crops- are grown for the fiber produced
  in their fruit, leaves, or stems
• Fibers are tiny threadlike structures used in
  manufacturing cloth, paper, and other materials
• Cotton, flax, kenaf, hemp, jute, and ramie
• 4. Vegetable, fruit, and nut crops- crops are
  grown primarily for food
• Vegetable crops may be grown for different parts
  of the plant, such as leaves, stems, seed, and
  roots

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• 5. Forage- crops are primarily grasses and
  legumes
• Grasses are nonwoody plants that have parallel
  veins in their leaves

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• Legumes are broadleaf plants that have the
  potential of fixing nitrogen from the air in the
  soil
• Forage is the leaves and stems of plants used for
  animal feed
• Most nutritious while plant is young and before
  seed mature
• Can be harvested by animals grazing in a pasture
  or cut, dried, and stored for feel later

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• 6. Ornamental and turf crops- include flowers,
  shrubs, vines, and other species grown for their
  beauty and personal appeal
• Turf comprises plants used to present a pleasing
  appearance and proetect soil
• Plants are low-growing, fine-leaved grasses used
  in lawns and to cover the ground to prevent soil
  erosion

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• 7. Others crops- many other crops grown for a
  variety of uses
• Beverage crops such as coffee, tea, and cocoa,
  are typically grown in tropical areas
• Herbs and spices are grown in small quantities
  throughout North America
• Have little food value but make food taste better
  or more appealing
• An herb is a non-woody plant with leaves, seed or
  other parts used as medicine or to enhance food
• Spice is an aromatic plant part that is used to
  season food
• Medicinal plants are those used in making human
  medicines

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Review/Summary

• What are the various roles plants play in
  everyday life?
• What are the various segments of plant and soil
  science?
• What are some important types of plants and what
  are their uses?

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• What category of plant was
• This young man named after?