From Rights to Revolution

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From Rights to Revolution
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• Civil Rights
• Legal equality
• Integration
• nonviolence

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Origins of Black Separatism

• Black capitalism
• -Booker T. Washington
• -Marcus Garvey
• Black Identity
• -WEB DuBois
• -Harlem Renaissance
• Malcolm X (1925-1965)
• Cultural separatism
• -Nation of Islam (10,000 members)
• Anti-colonial internationalism
• -political independence
• Armed self-defense

All this non-violent, begging-the-white-man kind
of dying
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Black Power

• SNCC and CORE
• Interracial conflicts between organizers
• -freedom to leave
• -class differences
• -leadership development
• Whose lives and arrests count?
• Racism and colonialism
• -working with white liberals perpetuated a
  paternalistic, colonial relationship.
• Racial separatism (1966)

This is the 27th time I have been arrestedI
aint going to jail no moreWe want black power!
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Racial/Class Inequality in North

• Long hot summers (1964-1968)
• -100 urban riots
• -27,000 African Americans jailed
• -targeted white-owned stores
• Kerner Report (1968)
• -Our nation is moving toward two societies, one
  black, one white-separate and unequal.

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Sources of Conflict

• Economic inequality
• -declining urban neighborhoods
• -high unemployment
• -dilapidated housing
• -substandard education and services
• -white flight/suburbanization
• Police harassment/brutality
• -an occupying army

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Black Panther Party

• Founded in Oakland, CA 1966
• Ghettos as internal colonies
• Black is beautiful
• Self-determination
• Armed self-defense
• Third World Liberation and Socialism

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Mexican American Civil Rights-The Other
Movements

• Assimilation and civil equality
• Language, vote, education
• LULAC (1928)-15,000 members
• League of United Latin American Citizens
• GI Forum (1948)
• Legal strategy against educational segregation
  and voter disenfranchisement
• Operation Wetback 1954
• -1 million allegedly illegal immigrants deported

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United Farm Workers-1963

• Used religion and nonviolent resistance to demand
  better treatment of workers

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Chicano Power

• Cultural Nationalism
• Working-Class Alliances
• La Raza Unida-1969, 1500 students
• Brown Berets-in Chicago, inspired by Black
  Panther party

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Native Americans

• Termination-1953
• -cancel Indian treaties and terminate
  sovereignty rights
• -urbanization and assimilation
• -not restored until 1975 with Supreme Court,
  1983 Reagan signed bill repudiated termination
  policy
• 1968 Civil Rights Act
• -restored legitimacy of tribal laws on
  reservations
• 800,000 Native Americans by 1960s
• -10x national unemployment rate, worst poverty
  rate, highest disease rate, least access to
  education

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Red Power

• American Indian Movement (AIM)-1968
• -pan ethnic cultural nationalism
• Occupation of Alcatraz 1969-1971
• -1868 Sioux treaty gave Indians rights to unused
  federal property on Indian land