Artificial Insemination

1
Artificial Insemination
2
Breif History

• Arab Chieftains - Stole semen to breed mares
• Ivanov (Russia) 1900 -
• - Developed methods as we know today
• - Most work was with horses but did some cattle
  and
• pig work
• First US AI Cooperative - 1937
• Dairy cooperatives merge and form large companies
  that dominate cattle AI industry - 1960s to
  present
• All turkeys bred AI - 1960s to present
• Expansion of swine and horse AI - 1990s

3
Objectives of Artificial Insemination

• Genetic improvement of livestock
• Disease control mechanism
• Possible to increase fertility
• Decrease breeding expense

4
Who uses Artificial Insemination?
Current Status of US Industry Dairy Cattle - 7
million (50) Beef Cattle - 1.3 million (3)
Swine - 20 - 30 Turkey - 100 Horses -
Increasing rapidly
5
Advantages

• Genetic Improvement
• Wide spread availability of genetically superior
  sires
• Disease Control
• Injured studs available
• More valid stud proofs
• Reduced danger from studs
• Cost - relatively cheap

6
Disadvantages

• Estrus detection must be good
• Handle and care for semen
• Record Keeping
• Time involved - Restraining and inseminating cow
• Training required to handle semen and breed cow

7
Where do you start?

• Semen Collection
• Sexual arousal using Sight, sound, smell, touch
• Best mount - Live
• Alternative mount - dummies available for
• Stallions
• Boars
• Bulls

8
Methods of Collecting Semen

• Electro-ejaculation
• Useful if male wont or cant mount
• Get urine often
• Poorer quality ejaculate
• Used in rams and beef bulls
• Massage Method
• Stimulate by rectal massage
• Seminal vesicles
• Vas deferens

9

• Artificial Vagina
• Temperature
• Bull, stallion, ram at 45C
• Pressure
• Friction
• Lubrication essential

10
Preservation of Semen
Extenders include Nutrients Glucose, fructose
Cold shock prevention Buffer Milk, skim-milk,
egg yolk Citrate, Tris The buffer
component Antibiotics Inhibit bacterial growth
Increase volume Cryoprotectant glycerol
Extend then Freeze!
11
Storage of Semen

• After collected and extended, semen is put into a
  semen straw.
• That straw is placed into a Liquid Nitrogen Tank.
  
• Each tank contains a Cane, which consists of
  Goblets containing the semen straws themselves.
• Make sure that the
• correct procedure for
• freezing semen in a liquid
• nitrogen is followed.

12
Thawing

• Use the procedures recommended by the semen
  supplier!!!
• 35C water for 30 - 60 seconds
• Ice water for 3 minutes
• Pocket thaw
• Be very careful when removing straw from Nitrogen
  Tank

13
Detection of Estrus

• Time of insemination
• Cow - 12 hours after observed in standing heat
  (AM - PM rule)
• Sow - 24 and 36 hours after first seen in estrus
• Gilt - 12 and 24 hours after first seen in estrus
  
• Sheep -12 to 18 hours after first seen in estrus
• Horses -Every second day beginning on day 3 of
  heat

• Insemination Protocol
• Rectal/ Vaginal
• Vaginal

Once you have collected the semen and detected
estrus of the female, you can begin to inseminate.
14
Things you Need

• Gloves (Arms Length)

• Lube

• Pipette with syringe

• Semen Straw

15
Procedure
STEP 1

• Begin by restraining the animal. This will
  protect the animal and the technician during the
  procedure.

16
STEP 2

• The inseminator places their arm into the females
  rectum, using plenty of lubrication, and removes
  all feces. This will allow the inseminator to
  palpate for the cervix more easily.

Be sure to use plenty of lubrication. You Can
Never Use To Much Lube!!!!!!!!
17
STEP 3 4

• Once the inseminator has located the cervix they
  will hold it in their hand.

• Using their free hand the inseminator will obtain
  the syringe with a plastic sheath (pipette)
  already prepared with a straw of semen.

18

STEP 5
Carefully inserting the syringe with semen, being
sure not to contaminate it with feces or other
contaminates, the inseminator will insert the
syringe into the females vagina. They will
continue to pass the syringe until they can pass
it through to the end of the cervix.
19
STEP 6
Once the end of the cervix is reached, the
plunger on the syringe can be depressed allowing
the semen to be deposited directly into the
uterus of the female. The Sperm will then
hopefully reach and fertilize the egg resulting
in conception, and eventually a fetus.
20
What about Pigs?
The procedure in sows is slightly different from
that used in Cows and Mares. There is no rectal
palpation necessary in sows, only passing a
pipette into the vagina. Once passed, a bottle of
extended semen is placed at the end of the
pipette. No pressure is needed on the bottle, the
sows reproductive track will complete the
procedure. The bottle of extended semen does need
to be protected from the light and temperature
changes to protect the sperm.
21
Does it work every time?

• Factors Effecting Conception Rate
• Time of insemination
• of sperm inseminated
• Fertility of males
• Skill of inseminator

22
Success
If all goes well, the female animal becomes
pregnant and carries the baby to term. Then once
the baby is born it will be the result of a
successful Artificial Insemination procedure.