The Age of Exploration

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The Age of Exploration

• 15th and 16th centuries

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Technological Advancements

• Renaissance ideas were applied to exploration
• Magnetic compass
• Cannon
• Caravel
• Smaller, wind-powered ship
• Portuguese invention
• Astrolabe
• Determined latitude, direction north or south of
  Equator
• Better Maps

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1507 Waldseemuller Map
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Why Explore?

• God
• Spread the Catholic religion, primarily
• Gold
• Financial opportunities gold, silver, spices
• Leaders want more and support exploration
  (Henry the Navigator)
• Glory
• The ability to brag or be the best Euro country.
• Gateway
• Access to other markets
• 1 motive Material Profit, supplies

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Portuguese Symbolism in Art
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Portugal 1st to Explore

• Goals of exploration
• Christianize
• Gold
• Access to spice markets in India
• Supported by Prince Henry the Navigator, King
  Manuel I
• Got in on gold trade in the Mediterranean Sea
• Made necessary for more expeditions
• Will own Brazil by 1500
• Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494

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Treaty of Tordesillas
Spain
Portugal
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Manuelian Architecture
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Portuguese Explorers

• Bartholomew Diaz, 1478
• Sailed to the Cape of Good Hope (Africa)
• Vasco da Gama, 1497-1499
• Sailed to India, returned with spices cloth

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Lisbon, Portugal
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Lisbon, PortugalEntrance Port to Europe
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Christopher Columbus

• An Italian who sailed for King Ferdinand and
  Queen Isabella of Spain
• Cristobal Columbo
• Columbus begged K Q for for exploration
• Spain had gone through the reconquista
• Expulsion of the Muslim Moors from Granada
• Bad guy in history
• Raped, killed, enslaved natives,
• Hispaniola, 1496 (Dominican Republic)
• Didnt find America first
• Had no idea where he was. India? China?
• Can we judge him?
• Maybe notno moral compass

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Spanish Governing

• Established 4 viceroyalies or divisions of new
  world territory with 4 governors
• Mercantilism colonies exist for the benefit of
  the mother country (Spain)
• Didnt allow for self-rule or native industry
• Perhaps a reason why much of S.A. and Mexico are
  considered 3rd World countries?

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Moorish Influence
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Ferdinand Magellan

• Magellan, Spain 1519
• Sailed by order of Charles V (H.R.Emperor,
  Spanish Habsburg)
• Sailed around Cape Horn (South America)
• Explored Philippines (named after Philip II,
  H.R.E.)
• Proved earth was round, bigger than thought

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Hernando Cortes

• Cortes, Spain 1519
• Explored Mexico
• Captured Aztec leader, Montezuma
• Montezumas revenge
• Made Tenochtitlan (Mexico City) the capital city
  of New Spain

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Francisco Pizarro

• Pizarro, Spain 1531-1536
• Explored Peru in S. America
• Destroyed the Incan Empire
• Lima became the capital city

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John Cabot

• Cabot, England 1497
• An Italian (same area as Columbus)
• Discovered Newfoundland when trying to get to
  Brazil (Portuguese land)
• No spices or gold for Henry VII, went back to
  England

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Jacques Cartier

• Cartier, France 1534-1541
• Explored the St. Lawrence River Canada
• Explored near Quebec
• Quebec is a French speaking province of Canada

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Dutch East India Company

• Founded in 1602, The Netherlands
• Government supported company
• Explored solely for material gain

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Impact of Exploration

• Columbian Exchange (Columbus)
• Exchange of plants and animals
• Corn or maize, sugar cane
• Horses, cows, sheep
• Exchange of disease
• Euros brought smallpox
• Natives gave Syphilis
• High death toll of natives
• Migration of people to new world