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The Renaissance World History

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Title: Renaissance Art Author: E000001 Last modified by: Cobb County School District Created Date: 10/18/2005 2:09:54 AM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Renaissance World History


1
The RenaissanceWorld History
2
Johann Gutenberg The Printing Press
  • Printing pioneered by the Chinese
  • German Gutenberg dev. movable type techniques
  • Process more efficient
  • 1st printed work certificates of indulgences
  • Gutenberg Bible (1455) 200 copies printed
  • 1st mass produced work
  • Cost 300 Florins
  • Cheaper faster than monk, hand-written copies
  • Caused a cultural rev. in Europe
  • Enabled the spread of new ideas Renaissance and
    Reformation
  • Turning point btwn. Middle Ages and Early Modern
    Period
  • Resulted in a rise in literacy

3
Town Life during the Renaissance
  • Guilds and the middle class continue their ascent
    to power that began in the Middle Ages
  • Merchants and bankers became the most important
    segment of society
  • Society
  • Towns grew as commerce grew, people began to
    urbanize and farm less
  • Power
  • Middle class held most of the power by forcing
    lords to grant charters for new towns and
    controlling banking
  • Status
  • Determined by wealth and ability

4
The Growth of Italian City-States
  • What is the Renaissance, why Italy?
  • French for rebirth a revival in arts and
    learning
  • Renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman
    culture
  • Italian city-states displayed their wealth by
    supporting artists
  • Why were Italian City-States so powerful?
  • Strong ties w/ Byzantine and Muslim merchants
  • Each city-state specialized in one economic area
  • Milan metal goods and military armor
  • Florence banking and textiles
  • Venice Asian Goods
  • Rome religious center for pilgrims

5
Florence the most influential city-state
  • Maintained a thriving wool and silk industry
  • acted as the middle man in exchange of goods
    from the East
  • sold insurance to sea traders
  • created banks that made loans to monarchs and
    popes and exchanged currencies
  • Medici family promoted trade, banking, art,
    learning, and intense civic pride

6
Humanism The Spirit of the Renaissance
  • A new interest in Ancient Culture
  • Knowledge of classical works was rediscovered in
    the Middle Ages- only those in holy orders could
    read the Greek and Roman writings
  • Crusades made people eager to learn about the
    world outside of Europe
  • Scholars believed classical writings would help
    solve modern problems
  • A Fascination with Classical Culture
  • Artists used ancient art as models
  • Donatello copied the Roman ideal of the human
    body
  • Brunelleschi designed buildings after studying
    ancient ruins in Rome
  • The practice of copying ancient style led to
    innovations in technique

7
Donatellos David
Donatellos Atys
8
Brunelleschis il Duomo
9
A New Type of Scholar Called a Humanist
  • A Belief in Human Potential
  • Believed each person could achieve great things.
  • Claimed people educated in the classics could
    create a better world
  • Emphasized human achievement on earth, rather
    than the afterlife
  • Studied ancient writings
  • Studied Latin, Greek, history, and mathematics
  • Opened schools
  • Emphasized studying works in language they were
    written in
  • Studied and wrote literature written in the
    vernacular
  • Secularism was emphasized by many while
    maintaining Christian beliefs

10
Petrarch (Petrarca) 1304-1374
11
  • Background
  • 1st Humanist (1300s)
  • Petrarch and Dante are considered the fathers of
    the Renaissance
  • Scholar, poet
  • Wrote in Latin
  • Works include a guide to the Holy Land, sonnets
    to his love Laura, an early self-help book,
    letters to historical figures
  • Philosophy
  • Believed in the value of studying ancient history
    and literature
  • Study of human thought and action
  • Saw no conflict with realizing humanitys
    potential and having religious faith
  • Emphasized solitude study or a contemplative
    life, rather than an active life experiencing the
    world

12
Dante Alighieri 1265-1321
13
La Divina Commedia The Divine Comedy
  • This dialect became the basis for the modern
    Italian language
  • Describes a fictionalized account of Dantes
    journey through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory
    (Purgatorio), and Paradise (Paradiso)
  • Inferno described as having 9 levels, each level
    getting worse and being the home to worse sins
  • 9th level is home to those who commit treachery
  • The greatest literary statement produced in
    Europe in the late Medieval Period
  • Written in vernacular, the Tuscan dialect
  • Established the vernacular as an appropriate
    language for all works, replacing Latin (access
    to more people)

14
Erasmus of Rotterdam 1466-1536
15
Philosophy and Contributions
  • Criticized Renaissance Popes as corrupt and
    unconcerned with religious matters
  • Wrote in Latin, but encouraged the works to be
    translated into the vernacular
  • Blamed for introducing the ideas that led to the
    Reformation, he laid the egg according to the
    Church
  • Known to question some Church practices and
    Luthers ideas
  • Many of his translations are still in use today
  • Northern Europe was still more religious
  • Christian Humanism reform the Church by
    eliminating abuses and restore piety
  • Promoted learning as a way to understand
    Christianity better
  • Studied original versions of the Bible written in
    Hebrew and Latin

16
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)
  • Florentine statesman
  • The Prince
  • A handbook for politicians
  • Offers a realistic analysis of politics
  • Put ideas that already existed on paper
  • The End Justifies the Means
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