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The Central Nervous System

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The Central Nervous System ... Cord Anatomy Spinal Cord Anatomy Spinal Cord Anatomy Ascending and Descending Tracts CNS Physiology Brain Wave Patterns ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Central Nervous System


1
The Central Nervous System
  • Chapter 12

2
Embryonic Development
3
Embryonic Development
4
Embryonic Development
5
Ventricles of the Brain
6
Cerebral Hemispheres
7
Cerebral Cortex
8
Cerebral cortex--Motor
  • Primary motor cortex
  • Coordinates controls movement
  • Premotor cortex
  • Controls learned, repetitive movement
  • Plans movement
  • Brocas area
  • Language, speech
  • Frontal eye field
  • Voluntary eye movement

9
Cerebral Cortex--Sensory
  • Primary somatosensory
  • Interprets sensation from body
  • Somatosensory association
  • Integrate sensory input
  • Visual (Primary, Association)
  • Auditory (Primary, Association)
  • Olfactory
  • Gustatory
  • Visceral
  • Vestibular

10
Cerebral Cortex Motor and Sensory Areas
11
Cerebral Cortex--Multimodal
  • Anterior association area
  • Complex learning, recall, personality, memory,
    abstract thinking
  • Posterior association
  • Pattern facial recognition
  • Awareness of local space
  • Some language
  • Limbic association
  • Emotional impact
  • Danger

12
Cerebral Cortex
13
White Matter of the Cerebrum
  • Myelinated neurons
  • Transmit signals to, through, and from the brain

14
White Matter of the Cerebrum
15
Basal Nuclei
  • Important in movement start, stop, intensity
  • Inhibit unnecessary movements
  • Parkinsons disease

16
Diencephalon
17
Diencephalon
  • Thalamus
  • Coordinate almost all inputs into brain
  • Key role in sensation, motor activities, arousal,
    learning, memory
  • Hypothalamus
  • Autonomic control center
  • Emotional response
  • Body temperature
  • Food intake
  • Water balance thirst
  • Sleep-wake cycle
  • Endocrine system

18
Ventral View of the Brain
19
Brain Stem
20
Cerebellum
21
Limbic System
22
Meninges
23
Cerebrospinal Fluid
24
Location and Circulation of CSF
25
Spinal Cord Anatomy
26
Spinal Cord Anatomy
27
Spinal Cord Anatomy
28
Ascending and Descending Tracts
29
CNS Physiology
  • Brain Wave Patterns
  • Consciousness
  • Sleep and Sleep-Awake Cycles
  • Memory

30
Brain Wave Patterns
31
Consciousness
  • Alertness
  • Drowsiness or lethargy
  • Stupor
  • Coma

32
Sleep and Sleep-Awake Cycles
33
Memory
  • Storage and retrieval of information
  • Two distinct stages of memory
  • Short-term memory (STM)
  • Long-term memory (LTM)
  • Factors affecting transfer from STM to LTM

34
Memory Processing
35
Homeostatic Imbalances of the CNS
  • Meningitis
  • Encephalitis
  • Poliomyelitis
  • Hydrocephalus
  • Microencephaly
  • Anencephaly
  • Spina bifida
  • Alzheimers Disease
  • Parkinsons Disease
  • Huntingtons Disease
  • Epileptic Seizure
  • Fainting (syncope)
  • Concussion
  • Coma
  • CVA
  • Paralysis
  • Cerebral palsy
  • Amnesia
  • Narcolepsy
  • Insomnia
  • Sleep apnea

36
Hydrocephalus
37
Spina Bifida
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