Chapter 24 Charting A Course

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Chapter 24Charting A Course

• Section 1 Development of U.S. Foreign Policy
• Section 2 The Cold War
• Section 3 New Trends

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Section 1 Development of a Foreign Policy

• The Main Idea
• For many years, U.S. leaders shaped foreign
  policy to avoid involvement in the affairs of
  other countries. As times changed and the United
  States became more closely tied to other
  countries, the nation became more involved in
  world affairs.
• Reading Focus
• Why did the United States find it difficult to
  maintain a policy of isolationism in its early
  years?
• What impact did the Monroe Doctrine and the Good
  Neighbor policy have on U.S. international
  relations?
• How did World War I and World War II end U.S.
  isolationism?

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Reasons for Isolationism
Section 1 Development of a Foreign Policy

• Early yearsthe country was in debt and
  struggling to build an economy
• Early leaders tried to concentrate on the
  countrys development and avoided foreign
  affairs.
• Border disputes with Canada and Spain blocked
  expansion and threatened trade.

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U.S. International Relations
Section 1 Development of a Foreign Policy

• War of 1812improved relations with Great
  Britain, British Canada, and other foreign
  nations 100-year period of isolationism followed
• The Monroe Doctrine (1823)set course of U.S.
  relations with Latin America and Europe declared
  Americas closed to colonization

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U.S. International Relations (continued)
Section 1 Development of a Foreign Policy

• Roosevelt Corollary (1905)United States would
  police the Western Hemisphere dollar diplomacy
  developed
• The Good Neighbor Policy (1933)opposed armed
  intervention in Latin America by the United States

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Wars End Isolationism
Section 1 Development of a Foreign Policy

• World War IGerman submarines sank U.S. merchant
  ships, ending U.S. neutrality
• World War IIUnited States became the arsenal of
  democracy
• December 7, 1941Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor and
  shattered U.S. neutrality U.S. declared war on
  Japan
• Germany and Italy declared war on the United
  States

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SECTION 1
Question What are some results of U.S.
international relations?
U.S. Foreign Policy
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SECTION 1
Question What are some results of U.S.
international relations?
U.S. Foreign Policy
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SECTION 1
Question What are some results of U.S.
international relations?
U.S. Foreign Policy
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Section 2 The Cold War

• The Main Idea
• The United States and the Soviet Union worked
  together during World War II, but the two nations
  became rivals soon after the war ended. Their
  political rivalry turned into a competition for
  global power that became known as the Cold War.
• Reading Focus
• What were the causes of the Cold War?
• How did the United States use its containment
  policy to respond to the Berlin blockade, the
  Cuban missile crisis, the Korean War, and the
  Vietnam War?
• What events marked the end of the Cold War?

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The Cold War and early U.S. response
Section 2 The Cold War

• After World War II, Russia established communist
  satellite nations throughout Eastern Europe and
  tried to increase power to eastern Mediterranean
  and Southwest Asia.
• The United States sees Soviet expansion as threat
  to national security and world peace.

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The Cold War and early U.S. response (continued)
Section 2 The Cold War

• The United States and the Soviet Union use
  propaganda, spying, alliances, foreign aid, and
  other methods against each other.
• March 1947The Truman Doctrine begins policy of
  containment financial aid to keep communism from
  spreading.

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U.S. response to the Berlin blockade and the
Cuban missile crisis
Section 2 The Cold War

• The Berlin blockadethe United States and Great
  Britain airlift food, clothing, and essential
  items to the people of western Berlin
• Cuban missile crisisthe U.S. Navy and Air Force
  search foreign ships bound for Cuba for weapons
  army troops are put on alert
• Show of force in the Cuban missile crisis
  underscores the dangers of the Cold War

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Marking the end of the Cold War
Section 2 The Cold War

• 1987Gorbechevs reforms glasnost and
  perestroika give Soviet people more freedom and
  restructure the failing economy détente lessens
  tensions with the United States
• 1990Communist governments fall in six Eastern
  European countries.
• 1990Prodemocracy candidates win local Soviet
  elections.

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Marking the end of the Cold War (continued)
Section 2 The Cold War

• Soviet republics rally for independence.
• 1991Soviet Union ceases to exist the
  Commonwealth of Independent States forms.
• Cold War ends with the collapse of the Soviet
  Union and the fall of communism in Eastern Europe.

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SECTION 2
Question How did the U.S. response to the Berlin
blockade differ from the Cuban missile crisis?
United States demands immediate removal of Soviet
missiles from Cuba. United States threatens
military response. Navy and air force find and
search all ships heading for Cuba. U.S. Army is
put on alert.
United States Great Britain begin a massive
airlift of fuel, food, clothing, and other vital
items. Plans from the United States and Great
Britain make more than 250,000 flights.
Results
Results
Soviet Union backs down and removes missiles from
Cuba.
Soviet Union ends blockade.
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Section 3 New Trends

• The Main Idea
• A primary goal of U.S. foreign policy has been to
  promote peace, trade, and friendship throughout
  the world. In the face of terrorism, war, and
  ongoing conflict in the Middle East, the United
  States and other governments have had to take a
  more aggressive approach to foreign policy in
  recent years.
• Reading Focus
• What global conflicts has the United States faced
  since the end of the Cold War?
• What global political problems and trade issues
  has the United States faced since the end of the
  Cold War?
• What impact has terrorism had on the United
  States and the rest of the world since the
  September 11, 2001, attacks?

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New global challenges
Section 3 New Trends

• As the only superpower, the United States tries
  to resolve conflicts and promote stability.
• IraqIraq invaded Kuwait leading to the Persian
  Gulf War Saddam Hussein remains in power and
  failed to keep cease-fire terms relations with
  the United States remain poor
• India and Pakistannuclear powers clash over
  Kashmir

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New global challenges (continued)
Section 3 New Trends

• Chinacontinuing disagreements with the United
  States on human rights and trade issues
• Africathe spread of AIDS is a major concern
• Latin America and CanadaNorth American Free
  Trade Agreement shaping relations War on Drugs

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September 11, 2001
Section 3 New Trends

• Terrorists hijack four airliners, destroy the
  World Trade Center, and damage the Pentagon.
• Thousands of people are killed in the attack.
• Osama Bin Laden, leader of the al Qaeda network,
  surfaces as the prime suspect.
• The Taliban regime in Afghanistan is singled out
  as key sponsor of terrorism.

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U.S. response to terrorist attacks
Section 3 New Trends

• President George W. Bush declares a war on
  terror.
• President Bush appoints Governor Tom Ridge as
  head of the Office of Homeland Security.
• Colin Powell leads efforts to build an
  international coalition against terrorism.
• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization invokes
  its Article 5 for the first time.
• October 7, 2001The United States and Great
  Britain begin airstrikes in Afghanistan ground
  troops follow.
• Fighting terrorism has become central to U.S.
  foreign policy.

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SECTION 3
Question What new challenges has the United
States faced since the end of the Cold War?
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Chapter 24 Wrap-Up
1. Why did many U.S. officials favor
isolationism, and why was this policy difficult
to follow? 2. What caused the United States to
lose neutrality in the world wars? 3. Why did the
United States pursue a policy of
containment? 4. What was the U.S. response to the
Berlin blockade and the Cuban missile
crisis? 5. What new foreign-policy challenges
have emerged since the Cold War ended? 6. What
actions did the U.S. government take after the
terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001?