Parenthetical Documentation Presentation by Penni Cyr, Bear Library Media Specialist

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Parenthetical Documentation
Presentation by
Penni Cyr, Bear Library Media Specialist

• What do we mean by this?
• The writer of a paper must give credit to the
  source of information, in the body of the paper.
• This is sometimes referred to as IN-TEXT
  documentation.

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Parenthetical or IN-TEXT Documentation

• Gibaldi says, a list of Works Cited (at the end
  of a paper) is important, but it does not provide
  sufficient detail (238).
• Brief references in parentheses within the body
  of a report allow readers to locate complete
  information about the sources in that list
  (Language Network 455).
• Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of
  Research Papers. 6 ed. New York Modern Language
  Association, 2003.
• Language Network Grammar, Writing,
  Communication. Evanston, IL McDougal Littell,
  2007.

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What to Credit

• What kinds of things do you credit?
• Each quotation you use from someone
• Each time you paraphrase someone elses words
• Each summary of someone elses words you use

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What NOT to credit

• What doesnt need to be credited?
• Commonly known Information
• Dates of birth, death, etc. that are a matter of
  public record
• Facts stated or corroborated in more than one
  source
• Your own original ideas.

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Rule 1 Be specific

• There is a direct relationship between the
  in-text documentation and the Works Cited.
• References in text must clearly point to specific
  sources in the list of WORKS CITED.
• You must tell your readers not only what works
  you used but also exactly what you found and
  where you found it in the text (Gibaldi 238).
• Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of
  Research Papers. 6 ed. New York Modern Language
  Association, 2003.

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Rules 2 3 Be Brief

• Use only information needed to identify a source.
  
• authors last name, first word of title, page
  number, etc.
• Place where pause naturally occurs.
• Place as near as possible to material being
  documented.
• Place inside the punctuation mark.
• Should not interrupt the text.

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Some Examples

• In-Text Citation
• Coughing is caused by postnasal drip (Smith
  Proquest).
• FMS occurs in specific body areas (Chaitow
  Internet)
• Clark said using in-text citations will make or
  break your grade (Clark Interview)

• Works Cited
• Chaitow, Tom. Fibromayalgia Online
  http//www.healthy.net
• Clark, Casey. Personal Interview. 27 January
  2009.
• Smith, Alvin. Coughing. Time. 20 March 1999
  1085. Proquest Online. 2 March 2000.

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Direct Relationship with Works Cited

• In-Text Citation
• Coughing is caused by postnasal drip (Smith
  Proquest).
• FMS occurs in specific body areas (Chaitow
  Internet)
• Clark said using in-text citations will make or
  break your grade (Clark Interview)

• Works Cited
• Chaitow, Tom. Fibromayalgia Online
  http//www.healthy.net
• Clark, Casey. Personal Interview. 27 January
  2009.
• Smith, Alvin. Coughing. Time. 20 March 1999
  1085. Proquest Online. 2 March 2000.

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Check Point

• A list of Works Cited is important, but it does
  not provide sufficient detail.
• What in-text documentation is needed???
• Brown admitted Burke was an extraordinary man.
• What in-text documentation is needed???

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Works Cited Help

• Citation Machine
• http//landmark-project.com/citationmachine.net/
• Found on Bear Library Website under MLA/Citation
  page
• Used both for Works Cited and In-text
  documentation

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Works Cited

• Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of
  Research Papers. 6 ed. New York Modern Language
  Association, 2003.
• Language Network Grammar, Writing,
  Communication. Evanston, IL McDougal Littell,
  2007.