Approved Training Manual

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STAR MARIANAS AIR, INC.

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Initial New Hire Flight Crew Part III
Aircraft Ground Training Section 2 Aircraft
Systems
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Before We Start

• Complete Class Roster
• Cell Phones OFF
• 10 Minutes Break every hour
• 1.0 Hour Class

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Aircraft Ground Training
OBJECTIVES To provide comprehensive training to crewmembers to ensure they are adequately prepared for flight status.
COMPLETION STANDARDS The attendee will through class participation and discussion that they have an adequate understanding of the lesson content
EXAMINATION Oral Quiz Written examination/Instructor certification
Class Duration 1.0 Hour

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Training Materials

• Current copy of the General Operations Manual
• Aircraft flight Manual

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Aircraft general
• Power plant
• Electrical
• Hydraulic
• Fuel
• Air Conditioning
• Flight controls
• Landing gear
• Equipment and furnishings
• Navigation Equipment
• Flight instruments
• Communications equipment
• Warning systems
• Lighting
• Emergency equipment (aircraft specific)

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems
• a. Aircraft general

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Introduction
• The Airplane
• The PA-32-300 is a six-place (seventh seat
  optional), single engine, low wing, all metal
  monoplane.
• Airframe
• Except for the tubular steel engine mount, steel
  landing gear struts, other miscellaneous steel
  parts, and the dent resistant fiberglass
  extremities, the basic airframe is of aluminum
  alloy.

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training
Dimensions

• Wing Span (ft) 32.8
• Wing Area (sq ft) 174.5
• Wing Loading (lbs per sq ft) 19.5
• Length (ft) 27.7
• Height (ft) 8.2
• Power Loading (lbs per hp) 11.3

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training
Dimensions

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training
Dimensions

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Turning radius
• Nose Wheel Travel 30 left right
• Turning Distance (Min) 59 ft., 10.8 in.

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Panel Layouts
• Typical Panel Layout

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Panel Layouts

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Cockpit and cabin configurations
• Early Models (N4127R) have push rod style
  throttle, prop, and mixture controls.
  Instruments laid out differently due to fuse vs.
  circuit breakers.
• N4599X does not have a seventh seat installed.
  Has several unique avionics including strike
  finder and moving map.
• Other major systems and components or appliances
• N4599X has air conditioner installed

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems
• B. Powerplant

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Basic engine description
• Engine horsepower rating
• Accessory drives
• Ignition
• Oil system
• Fuel control
• Propeller

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Basic engine description
• The PA-32-300 is powered by a Lycoming
  IO-540-K1A5 Engine. The six cylinder engine is
  normally aspirated fuel injected
• Engine horsepower rating
• 300 hp _at_ 2700 rpm

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Accessory Drives

Description Drive Ratio Direction of Rotation
Starter 16.5561 Counterclockwise
Alternator 3.2001 Clockwise
Vacuum Pump 1.3001 Counterclockwise
Hydraulic Pump 1.3851 Clockwise
Tachometer .5001 Clockwise
Prop. Governor .8951 / .9471 Clockwise
Magneto Drive 1.5001 Clockwise
Fuel Pump 1.0001 Counterclockwise

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

For Wide Deck Engines (Engines equipped with
wide cylinder flanges)
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Aircraft Ground Training

• Ignition
• Dual ignition is furnished by 2 Bendix S-1200
  Magnetos.

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Oil system
• 12 quart capacity, wet sump.
• SMA Uses Aeroshell 100 Mineral Oil for Engine
  Break-in and Aeroshell W100 Ashless Dispersant
  Oil After Break-in.

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Fuel Control
• Lycoming IO-540 series engines are equipped with
  either a Bendix type RS or RSA fuel injector. The
  fuel injection system schedules fuel flow in
  proportion to air flow and fuel vaporization
  takes place at the intake ports.

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Propeller
• Most of SMAs Aircraft are Equipped with
  Hartzells HC-C3YR-1RF/F7663R, 3 bladed constant
  speed propeller.
• The propeller is controlled by a governor mounted
  at the left forward side of the crankcase. The
  governor is operated by a cable from the power
  control quadrant.

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Propeller
• 78 inch diameter 3-bladed aluminum hub propeller
• 2400 hour / 6 year TBO
• 71.6 pounds (propeller and spinner)
• Diameter reduction allowable to 76 inches

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems
• C. Electrical

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Alternators
• External power
• Electrical system schematic
• Buses
• Circuit breakers
• Fuses
• Battery
• Other standby power systems

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• The 14-volt electrical system includes a 12-volt
  battery for starting and to back up the
  alternator output.
• Electrical power is supplied by a 60 ampere
  alternator.
• The battery, a master switch relay, a voltage
  regulator and an overvoltage relay are located
  beneath the floor of the forward baggage
  compartment.
• Standard electrical accessories include the
  starter, the electric fuel pump, the stall
  warning indicator, the cigar lighter, and the
  ammeter.

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Alternator
• The alternator is located on the front lower
  right side of the engine and utilizes a belt
  drive from the engine crankshaft.
• Many advantages both in operation and maintenance
  are derived from this system. The main advantage
  is that full electrical power output is available
  at lower engine RPM.
• The alternator has no armature or commutator and
  only a small pair of carbon brushes, which make
  contact with a pair of copper slip rings. The
  alternating current is converted to direct
  current by diodes pressed into the end bell
  housing of the alternator.

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Alternator

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Alternator (circuit breakers)
• There are two circuit breakers marked
  "alternator" one of which is marked "output" and
  the other "field."
• The output circuit breaker is 60 amperes and its
  purpose is to protect the alternator and
  electrical system from overload.
• The field circuit breaker for the voltage
  regulator and field wiring protection is 5
  amperes.
• If either of these breakers trip, it will result
  in a complete failure of power from the
  generating system.
• After a one or two minute cool-down, they can be
  reset manually. If tripping recurs, holding the
  breakers down will not prevent their continued
  tripping, and indicates a breakdown of wiring or
  equipment in the generator circuit.

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Alternator (ammeter)
• The ammeter displays the load in amperes placed
  on the alternator. It does not indicate the
  battery discharge.
• With all electrical equipment off (except
  master), the ammeter will indicate the amount of
  charging current demanded by the battery. As
  each item of electrical equipment is turned on,
  the current will increase to a total appearing on
  the ammeter. This total includes the battery.
• The maximum continues load for night flight, with
  radios on, is about 30 amperes. This 30 ampere
  value, plus approx. 2 amperes for a fully charged
  battery will appear continuously under these
  flight conditions.

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Alternator (Master Switch)
• The master switch is a split switch with the left
  half operating the master relay and the right
  half energizing the alternator.
• The switch is interlocked so that the alternator
  cannot be operated without the battery.
• For normal operation, be sure that both halves
  are turned on.

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Alternator to Starter Circuit Diagram

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• External power
• The receptacle is located on the left side of the
  nose section, just aft of the engine cowling.
  When used for engine starting or operation of the
  airplanes' other equipment, proceed as follows
• Set MASTER SWITCH to OFF.
• Ensure that the RED lead of PEP (Piper External
  Power) kit jumper-cable is connected to the
  POSITIVE () terminal of an external 12-volt
  battery or a power cart and that the BLACK lead
  is connected to the NEGATIVE (-) terminal.
• NOTE If using an external battery and the
  airplane's battery is low or depleted, disconnect
  the airplane battery at the negative terminal to
  prevent excessive loading of the external
  battery.
• Insert the plug of the jumper cable into the
  receptacle.
• Next --

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• External power contd
• Set MASTER SWITCH to ON and proceed with NORMAL
  engine starting.
• After starting engine, set the MASTER SWITCH to
  OFF and remove the jumper cable plug from the
  receptacle.
• Set the MASTER SWITCH to ON and check the
  alternator ammeter for an indication of output.
• WARNING DO NOT ATTEMPT FLIGHT WITHOUT AN
  INDICATION OF ALTERNATOR OUTPUT.
• NOTE If the aircraft battery is weak, charging
  current will be high. Do not take off until
  charging current falls below 20 amperes. Do not
  take off with a completely discharged battery as
  three-volts are needed to excite the alternator.

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Electrical system schematic

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Aircraft Ground Training

• Battery
• Gill G-35 12V Lead Acid Battery

• Section 2 - Aircraft Systems

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Examination

• Written examination required

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Completion of Paperwork

• Student
• Fill-out Student Feedback Form
• Sign Training Record (if applicable)
• Instructor
• Sign Class Roster
• Fill-out Instructor Feedback Form
• Sign Training Record (if applicable)

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