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Rhyme, Rhythm, and Meter in Poetry

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English 20-1 Advanced Modified from the A. Nyberg Poetry Handout The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Rhyme, Rhythm, and Meter in Poetry


1
Rhyme, Rhythm, and Meter in Poetry
  • English 20-1 Advanced

Modified from the A. Nyberg Poetry Handout
2
Rhythm
  • The beat created by the sounds of the words in a
    poem
  • Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme,
    alliteration, assonance, consonance, and refrain

3
Alliteration, Assonance, Consonance
  • Alliteration the practice of beginning several
    consecutive or neighboring words with the same
    sound.
  • Ej. The twisting trout twinkled
  • Assonance the repetition of vowel sounds in a
    serious of worlds.
  • Ej. cry, side sweet, thee road, groan
  • Consonance is the repetition of a consonant
    sound within a series of words to produce a
    harmonious effect.
  • Ej. And each slow dusk a drawing-down of blinds.

4
Rhyme
  • There are two basic categories perfect and
    imperfect
  • Perfect thing/wing
  • Imperfect crooned/ground or love/move
  • Either form of rhyme may be classified into the
    following four types Internal rhyme, end rhyme,
    masculine rhyme, feminine rhyme

5
Rhyme
  • End rhyme the most common form involving rhyming
    words at the end of lines.
  • The woods are lovely, dark, and deep.
  • But I have promises to keep.
  • Internal Rhyme the rhyming of words which occurs
    within a line of poetry.
  • On Christmas Day we were mushing our way over the
    Dawson trail
  • Talk of your cold! Through parkas fold it
    stabbed like a driven nail.

6
Rhyme Scheme Sample
  • The Germ by Ogden Nash
  • A mighty creature is the germ, a
  • Though smaller than the pachyderm. a
  • His customary dwelling place b
  • Is deep within the human race. b
  • His childish pride he often pleases c
  • By giving people strange diseases. c
  • Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? a
  • You probably contain a germ. a

7
Rhyme Continued
  • Feminine Rhymes are rhyming words with multiple
    syllables, with the first rhyming syllable
    accented and the remainder unaccented.
  • Deliver/shiver
  • Believing/grieving
  • Impulsively/convulsively
  • Masculine Rhymes are rhyming words of one
    syllable
  • Life/wife fun/run concealed/revealed

8
Refrain
  • The repetition of a sound, word, phrase, or line
    within a poem.
  • Example Do not go gentle into that good night
  • rage, rage against the dying of the
    light.

9
Meter
  • A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.
  • Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed
    syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in
    a repeating pattern.
  • When poets write in meter, they count out the
    number of stressed (strong) syllables and
    unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They
    then repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

10
Meter Continued
  • FOOT - unit of meter.
  • A foot can have two or three syllables.
  • Usually consists of one stressed and one or more
    unstressed syllables.
  • Types of feet are determined by the arrangement
    of stressed and unstressed syllables.

11
Syllables
  • Every polysyllabic word will have one stressed
    syllable. If it is not obvious, say the word
    aloud. This will help.
  • Monosyllablic words can be stressed or
    unstressed however, prepositional phrases (the,
    of, my, . . .) are usually unstressed. But you
    must look at the line as a whole.

12
Meter Types of Feet
  • Iambic - unstressed, stressed
  • That time of year thou mayst in me behold
  • Trochaic - stressed, unstressed
  • Tell me not in mournful numbers
  • Anapestic - unstressed, unstressed, stressed
  • And the sound of a voice that is still
  • Dactylic - stressed, unstressed, unstressed
  • This is the forest primeval, the murmuring pines
    and the hemlock

13
Kinds of Metrical Lines
  • monometer one foot on a line
  • dimeter two feet on a line
  • trimeter three feet on a line
  • tetrameter four feet on a line
  • pentameter five feet on a line
  • hexameter six feet on a line
  • heptameter seven feet on a line
  • octometer eight feet on a line
  • Remember that a foot contains either two or three
    syllables

14
Analysis
  • How to determine foot and metrical line
  • Shall I compare thee to a summers day?
  • IShall com pare thee to a sum mers
    day?
  • Number of feet? 5 pentameter
  • Type of foot? iambic (unstressed stressed)
  • Therefore this is known as iambic pentameter.

15
  • Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks.
  • Peter, Peter, pumpkin-eater
  • Picture yourself in a boat on a river with
  • Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot

16
Meter
  • Iambic meter tends to sound more natural. Love
    songs, odes, and monologues are generally written
    in iambic meter.
  • Trochaic meter is the mirror of iambic and also
    sounds fairly natural, but more urgent. Rap,
    marching, and many nursery rhymes use this.
  • Anapests tend to sound songlike. Limericks, most
    of Dr. Suesss poems, and other childrens poetry
    use this meter.
  • Dactylic meter is rare and unusual. Examples are
    The Iliad and Odyssey.

17
Blank Verse Poetry
  • Written in lines of iambic pentameter, but does
    NOT use end rhyme.
  • Shakespeare uses this meter in his plays.
  • Example from Julius Ceasar
  • Cowards die many times before their deaths
  • The valiant never taste of death but once.
  • Of all the wonders that I yet have heard,
  • It seems to me most strange that men should fear
  • Seeing that death, a necessary end,
  • Will come when it will come.

18
Free Verse Poetry
  • Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT
    have any repeating patterns of stressed and
    unstressed syllables.
  • Does NOT have rhyme.
  • Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds
    like someone talking with you.
  • A more modern type of poetry.
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