THE COLD WAR

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THE COLD WAR BEGINS
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THE COLD WAR
The era of confrontation and competition between
the U.S. and the Soviet Union when the threat of
nuclear war created constant world tension
United States
Soviet Union

vs.
Democracy
Communism
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Differing Philosophies

• Believed in democratic forms of government
• Believed economic stability would keep peace in
  the word
• Believed the free enterprise system was
  necessary for economic growth

• Believed in a communistic forms of government
• Believed in workers revolting (striking) against
  business owners and taking control of government
• Wanted to control countries between Russia and
  Germany

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Soviets take over Eastern Europe
Soviet troops move into Germany near the end of
World War II
As World War II ended, the Soviet army occupied
the countries of Eastern Europe that Germany had
conquered during the war
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The Iron Curtain
Divided communist Eastern Europe from democratic
Western Europe. Eastern Europe wanted to be free
from outside interference.

An iron curtain has descended across the
Continent Prime Minister Winston Churchill
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Peep under the Iron curtain March 6, 1946

• Who is Joe?
• What part of Europe is sealed off?
• What does the wall symbolize?

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The United States offers help.
United States gave money to Western European
countries to help prevent spread of communism.
American tanks provided by the Truman Doctrine
roll through Turkey
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Aid for Europe
Children in a London suburb, waiting outside the
wreckage of what was their home
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Birth of NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Formed in 1949 to protect Western Europe from
Soviet aggression and threats

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The Warsaw Pact
Eastern Europe and Soviet Union

The Warsaw Pact was the Soviet Unions response
to the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
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Russians launch Sputnik
The Russians have beaten America into spacethey
have the technological edge!
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Russians launch Sputnik
Impact of Sputnik
Congress establishes the National Aeronautics and
Space Agency (NASA) to conduct research in
rocket and space technology
Congress also passed the National Defense
Education Act, which provided money for education
and training in science, math and foreign
languages
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The Space Race Begins
In 1961, Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin blasted
off into space, making the Soviet Union the first
nation to launch a human into orbit
Kennedy said he wanted U.S. to land a man on the
moon by the end of the 1960s
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The Space Race Begins
Kennedys challenge was met on July 20, 1969,
when Neil Armstrong became the first human to
step foot on the moon
Thats one small step for man, one giant leap
for mankind. Neil Armstrong
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Berlin Wall Built
Soviets wanted to keep Germans from moving out of
East Germany into West Berlin, where they could
become free
Berlin Wall became the symbol of Communist
oppression around the world
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Castro embraces Communism (1959)
Cuban dictator Fidel Castro embraces Soviet
premier Nikita Khrushchev
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Cuban Missile Crisis
U.S. and Russia came extremely close to nuclear
war when Russians place nuclear missiles in Cuba
in November of 1962
In response to U.S. missiles in Turkey, the
Russians began building missile bases in Cuba
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Cuban Missile Crisis
United States places an embargo on incoming
shipments to Cuba from the Soviet Union, U.S.
goes to DEFCON-3
Soviet ships reach the quarantine line, but
receive radio orders from Moscow to hold their
positions
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In conclusion

• The Cold War was not a war with guns and
  fighting.
• The Cold War was a time of tension and a race to
  build nuclear weapons and reach space first.