NANOTEHNOLOGIJA:

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NANOTEHNOLOGIJA CERIBAS UN PERSPEKTIVAS
Indrikis Muižnieks,2014. g. 12. decembris
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Temas

• Kas ir nanotehnologija ?
• Nanotehnologijas pamatliceji un vesture
• Nanotehnologijas virzieni
• Nanotehnologisko sistemu komponenti
• Biomehanismi no šunas komponentiem
• Perspektivie pielietojumi

www.zyvex.com/nano/www.nanotech-now.com/www.nbtc
.cornell.edu/ www.jnanobiotechnology.com/
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Kas ir nanotehnologija ?
Nanotehnologija ir vielu un priekšmetu veidošana
no atseviškiem atomiem vai molekulam ar
programmetu, dažus nanometrus lielu
mehanismu/robotu (biobotu) palidzibu. Dzivie
organismi - perfektas nanosistemas. Nanotechnolog
y is an umbrella term that covers the design,
characterization, production and application of
structures, devices and systems by controlling
shape and size at nanometre scale.
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• Key enebling technologies (KET)
• Eiropa definetas nakotnes tehnologijas, ar kuru
  attistisbu saista zinatnes un ekonomikas
  izaugsmes ceribas
• Viedie materiali Advanced Materials
• Nanotehnologija Nanotechnology
• Mikro un nanoelektronika Micro and
  Nanoelectronics
• Rupnieciska biotehnologija Industrial
  Biotechnology
• Fotonika - Photonics

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Kas ir nanotehnologija ?
Atomu izkartojums nosaka vielas ipašibas. Grafits
un dimants
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If we rearrange the atoms in sand (and add a
few other trace elements) we can make computer
chips. If we rearrange the atoms in dirt, water
and air we can make potatoes.
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Kas ir nanotehnologija ?
Sešdesmitie Cietvielu fizika (Mikroelektronika)
Informacijas un komunikaciju tehnologija Astondes
mitie Molekulara genetika Jauna
biotehnologija 21. gadsimts Mikroeletronika
molekulara biologija Nanotehnologija
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Kas ir nanotehnologija ?
Paredzama atdeve lielaka neka jebkuram citam
lidzšinejam cilveces sasniegumam. Nanotehnologija
labos industrialas revolucijas nodarito launumu.
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Kas ir nanotehnologija ?

• paterina priekšmetu veidošana no atomiem -
  pašsavaceji roboti
• neizmerojami atraka datu apstrade
• slimibu, novecošanas, naves kontrole
• vides piesarnojuma izbeigšana un esoša
  piesarnojuma attirišana
• partikas molekulara sinteze
• apdzivojamas vides veidošana arpus Zemes
• un vel daudz kas, ja ar šo nepietiek.

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Nanotehnologijas vesture
Norberts Viners (1894. - 1964.) kibernetikas
principi Ricards Feinmans (1918. - 1988.)
- apakša vel ir daudz vietas (1959.)
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Nanotehnologijas vesture
Eriks Drekslers, 1992. g. pirmais doktora grads
nanotehnologija MIT, gramata
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Nanotehnologijas vesture
1974. - pirmo reizi lietots termins
"nanotehnologija" 1981. - pirmais raksts
zinatniskaja žurnala par molekularo
nanotehnologiju 1984. - atomu speka
mikroskops 1988. - atomu parvietošana ar ASM
palidzibu 1990. - oglekla fulereni 1997. -
nanodimantu iegušana no oglekla ar
jonizejoša starojuma palidzibu 1998. - DNS
elektrovaditspejas atklašana 1998. - oglekla
nanocarules 2000. - ASV uzsak nanotehnologijas
petniecibas programmu (NNI) 2006.
Nanotehnologijas ka ES FP7 prioritate
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Nanotehnologijas vesture
Kad saksies nanotehnologijas era ? Lidz ar pirma
universala asemblera (atomu savaceja)
uzbuvešanu. Prognoze 10 gadi The global market
for nanotechnology has been estimated to amount
to 147bn in 2007 and to grow to in most
optimistic assessments to 1 trillion and
possibly to over 3 trillion by 2015. The United
States (40) constitutes the biggest market for
nanotechnology, followed by Europe (31). Both
regions are expected to amount to 35 of the
worldwide market in 2015. Like today, the
majority of global sales will be attributed to
manufacturing and materials (over 55), followed
by electronics and IT (over 23). Current
situation of key enabling technologies in Europe.
COM(2009) 512
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Pasaules lielais nanotirgus
GLOBAL NANOTECHNOLOGY MARKET, 2011-2017
NANOMEDICAL GLOBAL SALES BY THERAPEUTIC AREA
www.agcs.allianz.com, www.bccresearch.com,
dolcera.com
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• An estimated two million skilled nanotechnology
  workers will be needed worldwide by the year 2015
  one million of them in the U.S.
• Graduates are receiving salary offers up to
  55,000 per year with a two-year degree
• Graduates with a baccalaureate degree can expect
  salary offers up to 65,000 per year
• Students who choose to continue their education
  can expect salary offers of 100,000

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Nanotehnologijas virzieni
"Slapjais" - biologisku sistemu atdarinašana.
Dzivie organismi - perfektas nanosistemas
"Sausais" - fizikalas kimijas un fizikas metožu
pielietojums oglekla, metalu, pusvaditaju
elementu nanocaurulu un sferu ražošanai.
Iegustamie materiali parasti ir parak aktivi vai
elektrovaditspejigi, lai funkcionetu
fiziologiskos apstaklos. Noderigi elektronisku,
magnetisku, optisku iekartu radišanai. Merkis -
radit sausas" strukturas, kuras spetu
pašsavakties tikpat labi, ka slapjas.
Nanotehnologisko sistemu datormodelešana -
"sauso" un "slapjo" strukturu formu un funkciju
paredzešana
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Nanosistemas komponenti
pozicionešanas sistema - skelets motori un
sviras funkcionalie elementi sensori manu
organi programmešanas sistema makroasemblers
- robot (biobot) roka
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Pozicionešanas sistema
MOLEKULARO MIKROKAPSULU KONSTRUEŠANA
Fulereni - oglekla atomu sferas
1996. gada Nobela Premija fizika un
kimija Professor Robert F. Curl, Jr., Rice
University, Houston, USA, Professor Sir Harold W.
Kroto, University of Sussex, Brighton,
U.K., Professor Richard E. Smalley, Rice
University, Houston, USA.
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Pozicionešanas sistema
MOLEKULARO MIKROKAPSULU KONSTRUEŠANA
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Pozicionešanas sistema
DNS ka celtniecibas materials
Chen JH, Seeman NC Synthesis from DNA of a
molecule with the connectivity of a cube. Nature
1991 Apr 18350(6319)631-3
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Building Blocks for DNA Self-Assembly Yuriy Brun,
Manoj Gopalkrishnan, Dustin Reishus, Bilal Shaw,
Nickolas Chelyapov, and Leonard
Adleman nomar.usc.edu/pubs/
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DNS ka celtniecibas materials
The enabled state of DNA nanotechnology Veikko
Linko and Hendrik Dietz, 2013
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(a) DNA nanotubes for NMR-based structural
biology. (b) DNA frame for visualizing
conformational switching of a G-quadruplex with
high-speed AFM. (c) Two-dimensional DNA crystals
for organizing and imaging single proteins with
cryo-EM. (d) DNA origami gatekeeper on a
solidstate nanopore (e) Motor protein ensemble
transports a programmable DNA origami cargo (f)
Chiral plasmonic nanostructures consisting of a
DNA helix bundle and gold nanoparticles. (g) DNA
origami-based fluorescent barcodes as in situ
imaging probes for fluorescence microscopy. (h)
DNA nanorobot, which can encapsulate molecular
payloads and display them when triggered by
specific cell surface proteins. (i) DNA origami
nanochannel that can be anchored to a lipid
membrane via cholesterol linkers
The enabled state of DNA nanotechnology Veikko
Linko and Hendrik Dietz, 2013
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Pozicionešanas sistema
MOLEKULARO MIKROKAPSULU KONSTRUEŠANA
DNS STATISKA IZLIEKUMA MODELEŠANA
Estimation of wedge components in curved
DNA L.E.Ulanovsky, E.N.Trifonov Nature, 326, 720,
1987
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Pozicionešanas sistema
MOLEKULARO MIKROKAPSULU KONSTRUEŠANA
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Funkcionalie elementi
Motors
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Funkcionalie elementi
Motors
R. Schmitt, Biophys.J. 85, 843-852. 2003
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Funkcionalie elementi
Motors
Ricky K. Soong et al., Powering an Inorganic
Nanodevice with a Biomolecular Motor, Science
290 (2000), 1555-58.
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Funkcionalie elementi
Svira
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Sensori manu organi
DNS ka signala parraides sistema elektribas
vads - neirons
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Funkcionalie elementi
Svira
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Pielietojuma perspektivas - jau tulit
DNS BIOSENSORU KONSTRUEŠANA
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Pielietojuma perspektivas - jau tulit
FRET fluorescences rezonanses energijas parnese
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Pielietojuma perspektivas - jau tulit
DNS BIOSENSORU KONSTRUEŠANA
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Pielietojuma perspektivas - jau tulit
DNS BIOSENSORU KONSTRUEŠANA
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Universalais asamblers
SINTETISKA ROKA - ASM MIKROSKOPS
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Universalais asamblers
JAUNA DARBA METODE - ATOMU SPEKA MIKROSKOPIJA
Heinrihs Rorers Rohrer (1933, NP - 1986.)
Gerds Binnigs Binnig (1947, NP - 1986.)
Skenejoša tunelejoša (atomu speka) mikroskopa
izgudrošana
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Universalais asamblers
JAUNA DARBA METODE - ATOMU SPEKA MIKROSKOPIJA
Mikroskopa darbibas princips
http//physics.aalto.fi/groups/comp/sin/research/
http//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/FileAFMsetup.jp
g
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Universalais asamblers
JAUNA DARBA METODE - ATOMU SPEKA MIKROSKOPIJA
BioScope AFM
Tapping electrode
http//Veeco Instruments GmbH
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Universalais asamblers
JAUNA DARBA METODE - ATOMU SPEKA MIKROSKOPIJA
LU KFI
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Universalais asamblers
JAUNA DARBA METODE - ATOMU SPEKA MIKROSKOPIJA
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Sensori manu organi
DNS ka signala parraides sistema
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DNS / proteinu nanosensori un virsmas plazmonu
rezonanse (SPR)

• Bonanni, M. del Valle / Analytica Chimica Acta
  678 (2010) 717
• Merkocø i / Biosensors and Bioelectronics 26
  (2010) 11641177

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Sensori manu organi
DNS ka signala parraides sistema
5-GCGC 5-GGCC
DNS GALU STRUKTURAS
37oC
4oC
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Sensori manu organi
DNS ka signala parraides sistema
ss parkares galu sekvence module DNS kustigumu
elektriskaja lauka PAAG elektroforeze
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Sensori manu organi
DNS ka signala parraides sistema
Trispavedienu DNS veidošanas (Hogstena bazu
pari), kas var veidot ss parkares galu strukturas
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Sensori manu organi
DNS ka signala parraides sistema
G-(GC) mijiedarbiba
C-(GC) mijiiedarbiba
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DNS elektrovaditspejas merijumi ar atomu speka
mikroskopu
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Magistra darbs 5GCGC un 5CGCG parkares galus
saturošu DNS oligonukleotidu elektroforetiskas
ipašibas un vizualizacija atomspeka mikroskopa
Darba autors Dace Bertule
Oligonukleotidi ar adenina cilpu un 5GCGC
parkari4A/GG
Oligonukleotidi ar guanina cilpu un 5GCGC
parkari4G/GG
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NANOPARTIKA NANOFOOD
Food is considered a nanofood when nanoparticles
are used during cultivation, production,
processing, or packing of the food. It does not
mean atomically modified food or food produced by
nanomachines.
http//www.nutritioninformation.us/nutrition.htm
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KAPEC NANOMEROGS?

• It allows manufacturers to combine ingredients
  that werent possible before as well as adding
  ingredients to end-use products that you
  otherwise couldnt. An example of this is white
  bread with Omega-3.

http//starbakers.in/products-page/bread/
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NANOKAPSULAS

• Nanoparticles are being developed that will
  deliver vitamins or other nutrients in food and
  beverages without affecting the taste or
  appearance.

http//southwerk.wordpress.com/2010/11/11/gold-nan
oparticles/
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NANOKAPSULAS

• Kraft is developing a clear tasteless drink that
  contains hundreds of flavors in latent
  nanocapsules

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NANOKAPSULAS

• A domestic microwave could be used to trigger
  release of color, flavor, concentration, and
  texture of the individuals choice.
• Smart foods could also sense when an individual
  is allergic to a foods ingredients

http//www.vivax.com/default.aspx?tabid804newsTy
peArticleViewarticleId5138
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NANOKAPSULAS

• Nanotubes and nanoparticles act as gelation
  agents
• Nanocapsule infusion of plant based steroids to
  replace a meats cholesterol

http//bbq.about.com/od/steaks/ss/aa110108a.htm
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NANOKONSERVANTI

• Nano-bubbles of ozone with micro-bubbles of an
  ozone/oxygen mix is used to clean seafood.

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NANODEVEJI

• Biacores micro fluidic chip technology is being
  used to ensure consistent vitamin content in
  fortified foods, testing for antibiotics in honey
  and screening for veterinary drug residue in
  livestock and poultry.

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NANOVIRSMAS

• OilFresh 1000 is a thin ceramic plate used in
  deep fat fryers in restaurants to slow the
  breakdown of the oil so restaurants can fry food
  faster
• This helps restaurants use less oil and save
  money. The food will not absorb as much oil
  either

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NANOIEPAKOJUMS

• Nanocomposites are used in food packaging to
  improve the barrier of plastic films and bottles
  which results in food staying fresh longer

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NANOIEPAKOJUMS

• Clay nanocomposites are being used to provide an
  impermeable barrier to gasses in lightweight
  bottles, cartons, and packaging films

http//accelrys.com/resource-center/case-studies/a
rchive/studies/nanocomposites2.html
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NANOIEPAKOJUMS

• Storage bins are being produced with silver
  nanoparticles embedded in the plastic. The
  silver nanoparticles kill bacteria from any
  material that was previously stored in the bins,
  minimizing health risks from harmful bacteria

http//www.trippauctionservices.com/listings/detai
ls/index.cfm?itemnum775198149
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NANOIEPAKOJUMS

• Smart packaging is being developed that will be
  capable of detecting food spoilage and releasing
  nano-anti-microbes to extend food shelf life.
  This will allow supermarkets to keep food longer.

http//www.chipsbooks.com/smartpac.htm
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NANOIEPAKOJUMS

• Smart packaging could release a dose of
  additional nutrients to those which it identifies
  as having special dietary needs, for example
  calcium molecules to people suffering from
  osteoporosis

http//altmed.creighton.edu/hypertension/Nutrition
al20Supplementation.htm
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NANOIEPAKOJUMS

• Antibodies attach to fluorescent nanoparticles to
  detect chemicals or foodborne pathogens
• Biodegradable nanosensors are used for
  temperature, moisture, and time monitoring

http//science.csustan.edu/confocal/Images/Chuck/f
itc.htm
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Lielakie partikas ražotaji, kas izmanto
nanotehnologijas

• H.J. Heinz
• Nestle
• Hershey
• Unilever
• Campina
• General Mills

• Friesland Food
• Grolsch
• Kraft Foods
• Cargill
• Pepsi-Cola Company
• ConAgra Foods

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Pielietojuma perspektivas - ar laiku
Dr. C.Mavroidis, Rutgers, State University of New
Jersy //bionano.rutgers.edu
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Pielietojuma perspektivas - ar laiku
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Pielietojuma perspektivas - ar laiku
Dr. C.Mavroidis, Rutgers, State University of New
Jersy //bionano.rutgers.edu
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SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE EVENT The EuroNanoForum
is a meeting point for industry, science and
policy. Organised biannually since 2003, it has
grown into the most significant European
networking conference focusing on innovations in
the various nanotechnology fields and associated
industrial sectors. 10-12 JUNE 2015, RIGA, LATVIA
EuroNanoForum 2015 is organised in Riga as part
of the Latvian presidency of the Council of the
European Union.
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NANOZIEMSVETKI
PRIECIGUS ZIEMASSVETKUS !