Journal: From Wedding Reception to Massacre

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Journal From Wedding Reception to Massacre

• On August 24, 1572, the feast of St. Bartholomew,
  thousands of French Calvinists known as Huguenots
  were in Paris. They were celebrating the wedding
  of the Protestant Henry of Navarre to the sister
  of the king of France. This wedding was to unite
  the Protestant and Catholic parties in France and
  end the sectarian warfare that was tearing the
  country apart. The queen mother, Catherine de
  Medici, had other ideas. She persuaded the young
  king to order the elimination of all the Huguenot
  leaders. Mobs took over in a frenzy of killing.
  Between 2,000 and 3,000 Huguenots were killed in
  what has become known as the St. Bartholomews
  Day Massacre. Once more, civil war broke out in
  France.
• What finally happened in the French wars of
  religion to establish peace and tranquility?

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Journal The Spanish Armada

• As the Great Armada Católica set sail from Spain
  in the spring of 1588, the commander, Medina
  Sidonia, was concerned. The water and other
  supplies stored in the wooden casks on board the
  ships were spoiling. Many of the casks were
  defective. The English privateer Sir Francis
  Drake had raided Spain the year before and had
  burned many barrels intended for the armada
  supplies. New casks were built, but the staves
  were not seasoned wood. This caused leaks and
  spoilage. The Armada seemed doomed from the
  beginning.
• What was the result of the Spanish Armada, both
  immediately and in the long run?

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Journal Glorious Revolution

• In 1688, the English chased out King James II and
  offered the crown to a Dutchman known as William
  of Orange. King William III ruled jointly with
  his English wife, Mary the first time in
  English history that husband and wife ruled
  together as equals. This event was known as the
  Glorious Revolution.
• Why exactly was it glorious?

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TAKS Practice Question
Test-Taking Tip Remember the date of the
Glorious Revolution to help eliminate answers.

• Directions Choose the best answer to the
  following question.
• The controversy that led to the English Glorious
  Revolution was
• A Tudor-Stuart struggle for the throne.
• The restoration of a monarch in England.
• Increased religious freedom for Catholics.
• A power struggle between Parliament and the king.

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TAKS Practice Question
Test-Taking Tip Try to eliminate answers when
comparing-contrasting items.

• Directions Choose the best answer to the
  following question.
• Which one of the following ideas is common to
  both the U.S. Bill of Rights and the English Bill
  of Rights?
• Restriction on the housing of soldiers in
  citizens homes
• Protection from involuntary search and seizure
• Trial by jury for all citizens accused of a crime
• Limitations of the power of the federal government

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Journal Louis XIV

• Louis XIV rarely talked at meals. He preferred
  to eat in huge quantities. A typical supper
  for Louis was four bowls of soup, an entire
  chicken, a pheasant, two slices of ham, a salad,
  some mutton, pastry, fruit, and hard-boiled eggs.
  Louiss dinner was often a ritual. It could be
  eaten au petit couvert (with family and
  friends) or au grand couvert (a state banquet
  with many attendants). Occasionally, Louis would
  dine au public. This meant tourists could go
  to Versailles to watch the king eat. The public
  would move in through one door and out another in
  a line while the king consumed his meal. Louis
  had many ways to keep the public enthralled with
  his role as the Sun King.
• How did the building of his palace at Versailles
  reinforce the notion that Louis was the center of
  the French nation?

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Chapter 14Crisis Absolutism in Europe

• Section 1 - Europe in Crisis The Wars of
  Religion
• Section 2 - Social Crises, War Revolution

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The French Wars of Religion
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French Wars of Religion

• 1589 Henry IV (Huguenot) is crowned king of
  France
• Has no support from Catholics decides to convert
  to Catholicism

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• 1598 Issued the Edict of Nantes
• Recognized Catholicism as Frances official
  religion, but gave the Huguenots the right to
  worship

Edict of Nantes First state document to show
religious tolerance and the idea of religious
freedom.
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The England of Elizabeth

• 1558 Elizabeth Tudor ascended to the throne of
  England
• Protestant Queen the only supreme governor
• Tried to keep Spain France from becoming too
  powerful

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Elizabeth IThe Virgin Queen never married
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The England of Elizabeth

• Philip II of Spain was married to Mary (Bloody
  Mary, sister to Elizabeth)
• Philip II desperately wanted to conquer England
• 1588, Spain sent an armada to invade England
• Battered by storms in the English Channel and the
  British fleet

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Military Tactics 101 Island nations almost
always have an excellent navy!
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Portrait of Elizabeth commemorating the defeat of
the Spanish Armada (Symbols?)
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Revolutions in England

• English Revolution
• Parliament vs. the King
• Who has the power to govern?
• James I
• Divine Right of Kings that kings receive their
  power from God and are responsible only to God
• Parliament wanted an equal role

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Church State

• Puritans wanted church to be more Protestant
  (went against the King)
• Many Puritans served in the House of Commons,
  which gave them power

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Charles I vs. Parliament

• 1628 Parliament passed petition that prohibited
  passing taxes without Parliaments consent
• King agrees to petition and then, later changes
  his mind
• Charles imposes Catholic practices on the Church
  of England
• Puritans move to America rather than adhere to
  religious policies

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Civil War - 1642
Cavaliers/Royalists vs.
Roundheads Supporters of the King
Parliament

• Parliament won led by military genius, Oliver
  Cromwell
• Got rid of non-supporters and executed Charles I
  in 1649
• Abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords
• Declared England a commonwealth

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Execution of Charles I
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Oliver Cromwell
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After Cromwell

• Cromwell dismissed Parliament and set up military
  dictatorship
• After his death, Parliament was restored, as well
  as, the monarchy
• Improvement Parliament has more power than it
  has ever had before!
• (True representative government)

In 1661, Oliver Cromwell's body was exhumed from
Westminster Abbey, and was subjected to the
ritual of a posthumous execution. Symbolically,
this took place on 30 January the same date that
Charles I had been executed. His body was hanged
in chains. Finally, his disinterred body was
thrown into a pit, while his severed head was
displayed on a pole outside Westminster Hall
until 1685.
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Glorious Revolution

• James II Catholic
• Parliament doesnt want his son to be next king
  (Why?)
• English Noblemen invite William Mary of Orange
  (Dutch) to invade England
• Successful, almost no violence
• Who would be monarch?

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Glorious Revolution

• 1689 William Mary accepted throne and a Bill
  of Rights
• Set forth Parliaments right to make laws and
  levy taxes
• No standing armies w/o Parliaments consent
• Right to bear arms
• Right to a jury trial

What country derived its Bill of Rights from the
English?
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Glorious Revolution

• Major consequence
• By deposing one king and establishing another,
  Parliament had destroyed the Divine Right theory
  of kingship

English Bill of Rights
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Chapter 14 Crisis Absolutism in Europe

• Section 3 Response to Crisis - Absolutism
• Section 4 The World of European Culture

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Louis XIII Cardinal Richelieu

• 13 was only a child when he took the throne
• Royal minister held power until king reached a
  certain age
• Cardinal Richelieu
• Took political military rights from Huguenots
• Thwarted plots by nobles through a system of
  spies, executing the conspirators

King Louis XIII
Cardinal Richelieu
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Louis XIV Cardinal Mazarin

• 14 took throne at the age of four and took
  power at the age of 23
• During Mazarins rule French nobles tried to
  rebel against the throne (lost)
• IMPORTANT French people realize that to have
  stability they needed a monarch

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France under Louis XIV (14th)

• Response to crisis
• Seek stability by increasing the monarchys power
• Absolutism a system in which the ruler has total
  power
• Includes the idea of the Divine Right of Kings

Louis XIV true example of an absolute power
Spread power culture
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France under Louis XIV

• The Sun King a source of light for his people
• Established court at Versailles held court,
  social events, and household
• Controlled the central policy-making machinery of
  government
• Ruled with absolute authority in foreign policy,
  the Church and taxes

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Versailles
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Versailles
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Hall of Mirrors
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Versailles
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Louis XIV
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France under Louis XIV

• Established anti-Huguenot policy
• Destroyed Huguenot churches schools
• Wanted Bourbon dynasty to dominate Europe
• Waged four wars to show power
• By the end of his reign France was in debt and
  was surrounded by enemies
• On his deathbed, he seemed remorseful for not
  caring for the people more

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Ivan the Terrible (Russia)

• 1st Russian czar (Russian for Caesar)
• Ruthless
• Time of Troubles
• Michael Romanov new czar selected by national
  assembly ended Time of Troubles
• Romanov dynasty lasted for over 300 years

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Peter the Great

• Absolutist believed in Divine right of Kings
• Made trip to the West returned wanting to
  Europeanize Russia

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Peter the Great

• Drafted peasants for 25-year stints of military
  service
• Established 1st Russian navy
• Divided Russia into provinces
• Introduced Western customs etiquette
• No beards, no veils for women, and shortened
  coats
• Needed to find water port to Europe
• Established new city St. Petersburg
• Russian capital until 1918

St. Petersburg New Western Capital
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What were the advantages of moving the capital to
St. Petersburg?