Speeches

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Speeches
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Speeches
A speech is a nonfiction work that is delivered
orally to an audience. Some speeches are composed
in writing before they are spoken aloud. Others
are composed less formally as they are being
presented, usually with notes as a guide.
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Types of Speeches

• Political speech focuses on an issue relating
  to government or politics. The speaker tries to
  persuade people to think or act in a certain way.
• Example Patrick Henrys Speech in the Virginia
  Convention (pg 100).

Image from http//hoguenews.com/?p1817
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Types of Speeches

• Address a formal speech that is prepared for a
  special occasion
• Example Abraham Lincolns Gettysburg Address
  (pg 538).

Image from http//www.americanrhetoric.com/speeche
s/gettysburgaddress.htm
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Types of Speeches

• Sermon is a speech that is usually based on
  scriptual text and is intended to provide
  religious instruction
• Example Jonathan Edwards Sinners in the Hands
  of an Angry God (pg 86).

Image from http//www.freewebs.com/firstgreatawake
ning/artifacts.htm
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Persuasive Techniques
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Persuasive Techniques

• The methods that a speaker or a writer uses to
  sway an audience
• Most speeches are a mixture of persuasive appeals

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Logical Appeal - Logos

• Builds a well-reasoned argument based on
  evidence, such as facts, statistics, or expert
  testimony
• Logos creates an argument that makes sense!!!

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Emotional Appeal - Pathos

• Attempts to arouse the audiences feelings
• Often uses loaded words that convey strong
  connotations
• Think of the word pathetic meaning to pity
  or to cause sympathy
• Pathos deals with the EMOTIONS

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Ethical Appeal - Ethos

• Linked to the audiences perception of the
  trustworthiness and credibility of the speaker or
  writer
• This is referring to credibility and character
• We tend to believe people whom we respect and
  trust

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Rhetorical Devices

• Patterns of words and ideas that create emphasis
  and stir the audiences emotions
• Repetition restating an idea using the same
  words
• Patrick Henry The war is inevitable and let
  it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come!

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Rhetorical Devices

• Patterns of words and ideas that create emphasis
  and stir the audiences emotions
• Restatement expressing the same idea using
  different words
• Abraham Lincoln we can not dedicate we can
  not consecrate we can not hallow this
  ground.

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Rhetorical Devices

• Patterns of words and ideas that create emphasis
  and stir the audiences emotions
• Parallelism repeating a grammatical structure
• Abraham Lincoln With malice toward none with
  charity for all

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Rhetorical Devices

• Patterns of words and ideas that create emphasis
  and stir the audiences emotions
• Antithesis using strongly contrasting words,
  images or ideas
• John F. Kennedy ask not what your country
  can do for you ask what you can do for your
  country.

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Rhetorical Devices

• Patterns of words and ideas that create emphasis
  and stir the audiences emotions
• Rhetorical questions asking questions for
  effect, not to get answers
• Benjamin Franklin From such an assembly can a
  perfect production be expected?

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Speech from Miracle
http//www.americanrhetoric.com/MovieSpeeches/movi
espeechmiracle3.html
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• Great moments are born from great opportunity.
  And thats what you have here tonight, boys.
  Thats what youve earned here, tonight. One
  game. If we played em ten times, they might win
  nine. But not this game. Not tonight. Tonight, we
  skate with em. Tonight, we stay with 'em, and we
  shut them down because we can! Tonight, we are
  the greatest hockey team in the world. You were
  born to be hockey players -- every one of ya. And
  you were meant to be here tonight. This is your
  time. Their time -- is done. It's over. I'm sick
  and tired of hearin' about what a great hockey
  team the Soviets have. Screw'em! This is your
  time!! Now go out there and take it!

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Repetition Parallel Structure

• Great moments are born from great opportunity.
  And thats what you have here tonight, boys.
  Thats what youve earned here, tonight. One
  game. If we played em ten times, they might win
  nine. But not this game. Not tonight. Tonight, we
  skate with em. Tonight, we stay with 'em, and we
  shut them down because we can! Tonight, we are
  the greatest hockey team in the world. You were
  born to be hockey players -- every one of ya. And
  you were meant to be here tonight. This is your
  time. Their time -- is done. It's over. I'm sick
  and tired of hearin' about what a great hockey
  team the Soviets have. Screw'em! This is your
  time!! Now go out there and take it!

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Speech from Remember The Titans
http//americanrhetoric.com/MovieSpeeches/moviespe
echrememberthetitans.html
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• Anybody know what this place is? This is
  Gettysburg. This is where they fought the Battle
  of Gettysburg. Fifty thousand men died right here
  on this field, fightin' the same fight that we're
  still fightin' amongst ourselves today.
• This green field right here was painted red,
  bubblin' with the blood of young boys, smoke and
  hot lead pourin' right through their bodies.
  Listen to their souls, men
• 'I killed my brother with malice in my heart.
  Hatred destroyed my family.'
• You listen. And you take a lesson from the dead.
  If we don't come together, right now, on this
  hallowed ground, we too will be destroyed -- just
  like they were. I don't care if you like each
  other or not. But you will respect each other.
  And maybe -- I don't know -- maybe we'll learn to
  play this game like men.

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Comparisons Similes, Metaphors and Analogies

• Anybody know what this place is? This is
  Gettysburg. This is where they fought the Battle
  of Gettysburg. Fifty thousand men died right here
  on this field, fightin' the same fight that we're
  still fightin' amongst ourselves today.
• This green field right here was painted red,
  bubblin' with the blood of young boys, smoke and
  hot lead pourin' right through their bodies.
  Listen to their souls, men
• 'I killed my brother with malice in my heart.
  Hatred destroyed my family.'
• You listen. And you take a lesson from the dead.
  If we don't come together, right now, on this
  hallowed ground, we too will be destroyed -- just
  like they were. I don't care if you like each
  other or not. But you will respect each other.
  And maybe -- I don't know -- maybe we'll learn to
  play this game like men.

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Speech from Judgment at Nuremberg
http//www.americanrhetoric.com/MovieSpeeches/movi
espeechjudgmentatnuremberg2.html
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• Ernst Janning said, "We succeeded beyond our
  wildest dreams." Why did we succeed, Your Honor?
  What about the rest of the world? Did it not know
  the intentions of the Third Reich? Did it not
  hear the words of Hitler's broadcast all over the
  world? Did it not read his intentions in Mein
  Kampf, published in every corner of the world?
• Where's the responsibility of the Soviet Union,
  who signed in 1939 the pact with Hitler, enabled
  him to make war? Are we not to find Russia
  guilty?
• Where's the responsibility of the Vatican, who
  signed in 1933 the Concordat with Hitler, giving
  him his first tremendous prestige? Are we not to
  find the Vatican guilty?
• Where's the responsibility of the world leader,
  Winston Churchill, who said in an open letter to
  the London Times in 1938 -- 1938!! Your Honor --
  "were England to suffer national disaster should
  pray to God to send a man of the strength of mind
  and will of an Adolf Hitler!" Are we not to find
  Winston Churchill guilty?
• Where is the responsibility of those American
  industrialists, who helped Hitler to rebuild his
  armaments and profited by that rebuilding?!! Are
  we not to find the American industrialists
  guilty?
• No, Your Honor. No! Germany alone is not guilty
  The whole world is as responsible for Hitler's
  Germany.

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Rhetorical Questioning

• Ernst Janning said, "We succeeded beyond our
  wildest dreams." Why did we succeed, Your Honor?
  What about the rest of the world? Did it not know
  the intentions of the Third Reich? Did it not
  hear the words of Hitler's broadcast all over the
  world? Did it not read his intentions in Mein
  Kampf, published in every corner of the world?
• Where's the responsibility of the Soviet Union,
  who signed in 1939 the pact with Hitler, enabled
  him to make war? Are we not to find Russia
  guilty?
• Where's the responsibility of the Vatican, who
  signed in 1933 the Concordat with Hitler, giving
  him his first tremendous prestige? Are we not to
  find the Vatican guilty?
• Where's the responsibility of the world leader,
  Winston Churchill, who said in an open letter to
  the London Times in 1938 -- 1938!! Your Honor --
  "were England to suffer national disaster should
  pray to God to send a man of the strength of mind
  and will of an Adolf Hitler!" Are we not to find
  Winston Churchill guilty?
• Where is the responsibility of those American
  industrialists, who helped Hitler to rebuild his
  armaments and profited by that rebuilding?!! Are
  we not to find the American industrialists
  guilty?
• No, Your Honor. No! Germany alone is not guilty
  The whole world is as responsible for Hitler's
  Germany.

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Speech from To Kill A Mockingbird
http//www.americanrhetoric.com/MovieSpeeches/movi
espeechtokillamockingbird.html
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• And so, a quiet, humble, respectable negro, who
  has had the unmitigated TEMERITY to feel sorry
  for a white woman, has had to put his word
  against two white peoples. The defendant is not
  guilty. But somebody in this courtroom is.
• Now, gentlemen, in this country our courts are
  the great levelers. In our courts, all men are
  created equal. I'm no idealist to believe firmly
  in the integrity of our courts and of our jury
  system. That's no ideal to me. That is a living,
  working reality!
• Now I am confident that you gentlemen will
  review without passion the evidence that you have
  heard, come to a decision, and restore this man
  to his family.
• In the name of God, do your duty. In the name of
  God, believe Tom Robinson.

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Flattery

• And so, a quiet, humble, respectable negro, who
  has had the unmitigated TEMERITY to feel sorry
  for a white woman, has had to put his word
  against two white peoples. The defendant is not
  guilty. But somebody in this courtroom is.
• Now, gentlemen, in this country our courts are
  the great levelers. In our courts, all men are
  created equal. I'm no idealist to believe firmly
  in the integrity of our courts and of our jury
  system. That's no ideal to me. That is a living,
  working reality!
• Now I am confident that you gentlemen will
  review without passion the evidence that you have
  heard, come to a decision, and restore this man
  to his family.
• In the name of God, do your duty. In the name of
  God, believe Tom Robinson.

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Images from

• http//www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/04/14/Obamas-spee
  ch-on-the-economy/UPI-50951239728214/
• http//www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkinaugu
  ral.htm
• http//www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihavea
  dream.htm
• http//www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/gwbush911
  groundzerobullhorn.htm
• http//www.nydailynews.com/features/thestadium/the
  _greatest/heroes-gehrig.html
• http//getdclu.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/preside
  nt-ronald-reagans-tear-down-this-wall-speech-june-
  12-1987-in-front-of-the-brandenburg-gate-in-west-b
  erlin-photo-from-the-german-missions-to-the-united
  -states.jpg