Age of Early European Explorations

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The Age of Exploration
Mr. Violanti / Mrs. Verni Iroquois High School
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Key Terms

• Christopher Columbus Italian Explorer who sails
  for Spain. Discovers America in 1492.
• Columbian Exchange Transfer of goods from the
  New World to Europe, and Europe to the New World.
• Conquistador Conquerer. Cortez, Pizzarro.
  Claimed land for Spain.
• Encomienda System Spanish Colonies exist to
  benefit Spain. Must trade only with Spain, social
  classes benefit Spain.
• Imperialism Control of the P.E.R.S.I.A. of
  another group of people.
• Mercantilism Power is obtained through colonies
  and the raw materials they supply.

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Key Terms

• Middle Passage nickname given to the journey of
  slaves from Africa to the New World.
• Spanish Armada Naval attack defeated by England
  in 1588. Ended Spanish dominance in the New
  World.
• The Encounter Nickname given to Columbus
  discovering America.
• Vasco Da Gama Sailed for Portugal. First
  explorer to sail around Africa to India.

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Fall of Constantinople 1453

• Ottoman Turks (Muslims) conquer Constantinople,
  ending the Byzantine Empire.
• Effects
• Rise of Islamic Empire
• Greek/Byzantine Scholars brought ideas to Western
  Europe.
• Land trade routes between Europe and Asia shut
  down.

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Why Did Europe Explore?

• Muslims controlled land routes to Asia. European
  people DEMAND goods from Asia.
• Spread Christianity
• Finding a route would bring fame and fortune.
• G, G, G
• God. Glory. Gold.

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Prince Henry, the Navigator

• School for Navigation, 1419

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Known World In 1491
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New Maritime Technologies
Better Maps Portulan
Hartman Astrolabe(1532)
Mariners Compass
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New Weapons Technology
Superior Spanish Weapons
pen
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Vasco Da Gama opens the door to trade with Asia
by sea routes, sails around Africa.
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Christopher Columbus 1451-1506
East
Voyage
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Columbus Four Voyages
Finding Land
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Other Voyages of Exploration
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1494 The Popes Line of Demarcation
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Ferdinand Magellan is the first man to
circumnavigate the globe--1519 Proves the
world is round
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Atlantic Explorations
Looking for El Dorado
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Conquistadors

• Cortez conquers AZTECS (Mexico)
• Pizzaro conquers INCAS (South America)
• End of Latin American Ancient Empires
• Easily defeated due to guns, disease.

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The First Spanish ConquestsThe Aztecs
The CONQUISTADORS
vs.
Fernando Cortez
Montezuma II
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The Death of Montezuma II
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Aztecs Surrender to Cortez
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The First Spanish Conquests
The Incas
vs.
Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa
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MERCANTILISM

• Economic policy by which a nation sought to
  export more than it imported in order to build
  its national wealth through gold.
• OBTAIN RAW MATERIALS FROM COLONIES
• COLONIES GOLD POWER
• Colonies exist for the benefit of the MOTHER
  COUNTRY. (Spain? Latin America)
• COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

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Treasures from the Americas.
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The Encomienda Class System
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native Indians
African Slaves
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European Empires in the Americas
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Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill
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New Colonial Rivals
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Effects of European Expansion

• Natives destroyed by disease.
• New products introduced across the continents
  Columbian Exchange.
• Great wealth to leaders of Spain, England,
  France.
• Slave Trade. Middle Passage
• Deepened colonial rivalries.
• -Spain vs. England (Spanish Armada)
• -France vs. England (French / Indian War

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CAUSES -Crusades -Printing Press, Maps -New
Technology -Desire for Wealth -Mercantilism
European Exploration of the New World
EFFECTS (Results) -Mercantilism Columbian
Exchange -Native American Civilizations
destroyed -European Colonies settle in New
World -Slavery (Middle Passage) -Spread of
Christianity -European Rivalries