Chordates

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Chordates An Introduction
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• Kingdom Animalia- All inverts verts
• Phylum Chordata All have nerve cords. 3
  subphyla
• A- Urochordata (tunicates aka sea squirts). Only
  larvae have notochord
• B-Cephalochordata (lancelets aka amphioxus).
  Retain notochord throughout adulthood, but
  muscle- like for burrowing
• C-Vertebrata- Notochord becomes backbone. 7
  Classes
• Ex. Tunicates (sea squirts)
• Lancelets (live in marine sand)

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Concept Map
Section 33-1
Chordates
have the followingkey features
which is
A flexiblesupportingstructure
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Figure 332 A Cladogram of Chordates
Section 33-1
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Chordate Cladogram
Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
Fishes
Nonvertebratechordates
Invertebrate ancestor
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Figure 334 Diversity of Chordates
Section 33-1
Nonvertebrate chordates (4)
Mammals (8)
Birds (18)
Fishes (47)
Reptiles (14)
Amphibians (9)
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All Vertebrates have

• Closed circulatory system
• Bilateral symmetry
• True coelom
• 3 germ layers
• Endoskeleton
• Sexual reproduction- internal or external

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Homeostasis

• Endothermic (warm-blooded)- internal temp.
  regulation that must be maintained
• Ex. Birds Mammals
• Ectothermic (cold-blooded)- external temp.
  regulation/ regulated by environment
• Ex. Nonvertebrate chordates, Fish, Amphibians,
  Reptiles

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Temperature Control in Chordates
Section 33-2
Body Temperature (C)
Environmental Temperature (C)
98.6 F- avg human temp
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How animals maintain their temperature
Animal Group Endo/ectotherm Behavior/structure
Fish Ectotherm Swim bladder Cold/move up Hot/move down
Amphibian Ectotherm Cool/go in sun Hot/go to water
Reptile Ectotherm Cool/bask Hot/go to water
Birds Endotherm Cool/fluff feather Hot/raise wings
Mammals Endotherm Sweat, pant, shiver
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Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum
Vertebrata Class Agnatha Jawless Fish (most
primitive) Traits -Sucker like mouth(no
jaws) -No fins -Cartilage skeleton Ex lamprey
hagfish
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Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata (Sub-Vert) Class
Chondrichthyes-Cartilage Fish Traits Cartilage
skeleton 2 chambered heart Lateral line system
detect vibrations (movement sense) Poor
eyesight, great olfactory Carnivorous or
scavenger Ex sharks, skates, rays
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Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class
Osteichthyes- Bony Fish Traits Bony skeleton 2
chambered heart Lateral line system/movement
sense Swim bladder-control depth (buoyancy) Have
operculum over gills Good smell and eyesight Ex
perch, bass, flounder
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Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class
Amphibia Traits 1st land vertebrates 3
chambered heart Breath with skin/lungs Need water
to breed Aquatic larvae terrestrial adult No
scales or claws Ex frogs, toads, salamanders
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Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class
Reptilia Traits Imperfect 4 chambered heart Dry,
scaly skin Breathe with lungs Lay amniotic eggs
Ex snake, turtle, lizards crocodile, dinosaurs
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Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class
Aves-birds Traits Down feathers for
insulation Air sacs/hollow bones make bird
lighter Lungs to breathe 4 chambered heart Beak
feet adapted for food/habitat Internal fert.,Lay
amniotic eggs
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• Kingdom Animalia
• Phylum Chordata
• Class Mammalia
• Have fur/hair
• mammary glands
• Length of time in uterus - gestation period
• Give birth to live young (except monotremes)
• 4 chambered heart
• Diaphragm
• Specialized teeth

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• Placental Mammals Develop inside
  uterus Ex people(primates), cats, dogs
  (carnivores)
• Marsupials Develop inside pouch Ex
  kangaroos, opossums
• Monotremes Lay eggs Ex platypus ,echidna
  

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Other placental orders

• Chiroptera-bats only mammals that can fly
  nocturnal
• Carnivora- dogs, cats, bears, raccoons, etc
• Rodentia-gnawing mammals with long incisor teeth.
  Ex rats, squirrels, porcupines, (rabbits
  sometimes put here)
• Insectivora-long snout. Ex shrews, moles
• Cetacea-Whales, dolphins
• Primates
• not on test- Perissodactyla (hoofed horses)

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Terms to know

• Imprinting
• Migration
• Hibernation
• Estivation
• Oviparous
• Viviporous
• Oviviviporous

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Evolution

• Change over time michael was here
• Which Chordate class do you think has more
  advantages/adaptations to survive changing times?
  
• Which classes have disadvantages?
• Which Chordate classes can you see evolutionary
  similarities in so far?